Research ArticleAVIAN BIOLOGY
Trait-mediated trophic cascade creates enemy-free space for nesting hummingbirds
- Harold F. Greeney1,2,3,*,
- M. Rocio Meneses4,
- Chris E. Hamilton5,
- Eli Lichter-Marck1,
- R. William Mannan3,
- Noel Snyder6,
- Helen Snyder6,
- Susan M. Wethington4 and
- Lee A. Dyer2
- 1Yanayacu Biological Station & Center for Creative Studies, Cosanga, Napo, Ecuador.
- 2Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
- 3Department of Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
- 4Hummingbird Monitoring Network, P.O. Box 115, Patagonia, AZ 85624, USA.
- 5Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada.
- 6P.O. Box 16426, Portal, AZ 85632, USA.
- ↵*Corresponding author. E-mail: revmmoss{at}yahoo.com
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Science Advances 04 Sep 2015:
Vol. 1, no. 8, e1500310
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500310
Vol. 1, no. 8, e1500310
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500310
Harold F. Greeney
Yanayacu Biological Station & Center for Creative Studies, Cosanga, Napo, Ecuador.Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.Department of Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
M. Rocio Meneses
Hummingbird Monitoring Network, P.O. Box 115, Patagonia, AZ 85624, USA.
Chris E. Hamilton
Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada.
Eli Lichter-Marck
Yanayacu Biological Station & Center for Creative Studies, Cosanga, Napo, Ecuador.
R. William Mannan
Department of Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Noel Snyder
P.O. Box 16426, Portal, AZ 85632, USA.
Helen Snyder
P.O. Box 16426, Portal, AZ 85632, USA.
Susan M. Wethington
Hummingbird Monitoring Network, P.O. Box 115, Patagonia, AZ 85624, USA.
Lee A. Dyer
Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
