Research ArticleANTHROPOLOGY
Ancient mitochondrial DNA provides high-resolution time scale of the peopling of the Americas
- Bastien Llamas1,*,†,
- Lars Fehren-Schmitz2,†,
- Guido Valverde1,
- Julien Soubrier1,
- Swapan Mallick3,4,5,
- Nadin Rohland3,4,5,
- Susanne Nordenfelt3,4,5,
- Cristina Valdiosera6,
- Stephen M. Richards1,
- Adam Rohrlach7,
- Maria Inés Barreto Romero8,
- Isabel Flores Espinoza8,
- Elsa Tomasto Cagigao9,
- Lucía Watson Jiménez9,10,
- Krzysztof Makowski9,
- Ilán Santiago Leboreiro Reyna11,
- Josefina Mansilla Lory11,
- Julio Alejandro Ballivián Torrez12,
- Mario A. Rivera13,
- Richard L. Burger14,
- Maria Constanza Ceruti15,16,
- Johan Reinhard17,
- R. Spencer Wells17,‡,
- Gustavo Politis18,
- Calogero M. Santoro19,
- Vivien G. Standen19,
- Colin Smith6,
- David Reich3,4,5,
- Simon Y. W. Ho20,
- Alan Cooper1,*,§ and
- Wolfgang Haak1,*,§,¶
- 1Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
- 2Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
- 3Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- 4Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- 5Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 20815, USA.
- 6Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
- 7School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
- 8Museo de Sitio Huaca Pucllana, Miraflores, Lima 18, Peru.
- 9Departamento de Humanidades, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima 32, Peru.
- 10Centro de Investigaciones Arqueológicas del Museo de Sitio de Ancón, Lima 38, Peru.
- 11Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico City 6500, Mexico.
- 12Unidad de Arqueología y Museos, Ministerio de Culturas y Turismo de Bolivia, La Paz 3165, Bolivia.
- 13Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6210427, Chile.
- 14Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA.
- 15Instituto de Investigaciones de Alta Montaña, Universidad Católica de Salta, Salta 4400, Argentina.
- 16Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, Cdad. Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- 17National Geographic Society, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
- 18Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, 7600 Olavarría, Argentina.
- 19Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile.
- 20School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
- ↵*Corresponding author. E-mail: bastien.llamas{at}adelaide.edu.au (B.L.); alan.cooper{at}adelaide.edu.au (A.C.); wolfgang.haak{at}adelaide.edu.au (W.H.)
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Science Advances 01 Apr 2016:
Vol. 2, no. 4, e1501385
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501385
Vol. 2, no. 4, e1501385
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501385
Bastien Llamas
Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
Lars Fehren-Schmitz
Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Guido Valverde
Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
Julien Soubrier
Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
Swapan Mallick
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 20815, USA.
Nadin Rohland
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 20815, USA.
Susanne Nordenfelt
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 20815, USA.
Cristina Valdiosera
Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
Stephen M. Richards
Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
Adam Rohrlach
School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
Maria Inés Barreto Romero
Museo de Sitio Huaca Pucllana, Miraflores, Lima 18, Peru.
Isabel Flores Espinoza
Museo de Sitio Huaca Pucllana, Miraflores, Lima 18, Peru.
Elsa Tomasto Cagigao
Departamento de Humanidades, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima 32, Peru.
Lucía Watson Jiménez
Departamento de Humanidades, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima 32, Peru.Centro de Investigaciones Arqueológicas del Museo de Sitio de Ancón, Lima 38, Peru.
Krzysztof Makowski
Departamento de Humanidades, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima 32, Peru.
Ilán Santiago Leboreiro Reyna
Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico City 6500, Mexico.
Josefina Mansilla Lory
Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico City 6500, Mexico.
Julio Alejandro Ballivián Torrez
Unidad de Arqueología y Museos, Ministerio de Culturas y Turismo de Bolivia, La Paz 3165, Bolivia.
Mario A. Rivera
Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6210427, Chile.
Richard L. Burger
Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA.
Maria Constanza Ceruti
Instituto de Investigaciones de Alta Montaña, Universidad Católica de Salta, Salta 4400, Argentina.Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, Cdad. Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Johan Reinhard
National Geographic Society, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
R. Spencer Wells
National Geographic Society, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
Gustavo Politis
Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, 7600 Olavarría, Argentina.
Calogero M. Santoro
Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile.
Vivien G. Standen
Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile.
Colin Smith
Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
David Reich
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 20815, USA.
Simon Y. W. Ho
School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
Alan Cooper
Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
Wolfgang Haak
Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
