Contents
February 2018
Vol 4, Issue 2
Vol 4, Issue 2
Contents
Research Articles
- Neyman-Pearson classification algorithms and NP receiver operating characteristics
An umbrella algorithm and a graphical tool for asymmetric error control in binary classification.
- Demonstration of universal parametric entangling gates on a multi-qubit lattice
Harnessing techniques from analog signal processing, we establish a new path for large-scale quantum computation.
- Tailoring optical metamaterials to tune the atom-surface Casimir-Polder interaction
We tailor the atom-surface Casimir-Polder interaction of cesium atoms using near-infrared surface plasmons of a metamaterial.
- Wafer-scale, layer-controlled organic single crystals for high-speed circuit operation
A wafer-scale, 2D organic single-crystalline semiconductor revolutionizes near-field communication.
- Plasmonic nanostructures through DNA-assisted lithography
DALI combines DNA origami with conventional top-down fabrication for creating designer high-resolution plasmonic nanostructures.
- Photocarrier generation from interlayer charge-transfer transitions in WS2-graphene heterostructures
Charge-transfer transitions enhance carrier generation at the interfaces of two-dimensional heterostructures.
- Optimal information networks: Application for data-driven integrated health in populations
Optimized information networks assess integrated city health from big data.
- Revealing the detailed path of sequential deposition for metal halide perovskite formation
Comprehensive study of perovskite film formation reveals the stages of the reaction and identifies a suitable kinetic model.
- Rehealable, fully recyclable, and malleable electronic skin enabled by dynamic covalent thermoset nanocomposite
Novel electronic skin is rehealable and 100% recyclable.
- Functional odor classification through a medicinal chemistry approach
Mechanistic approaches provide alternative solutions to in silico analyses of odorant molecules’ odor-structure relationships.
- Increased proteomic complexity in Drosophila hybrids during development
High plasticity of the proteome in Drosophila hybrids reveals an unexpected space for molecular evolution during development.
- Impaired cohesion and homologous recombination during replicative aging in budding yeast
How does the genome become unstable during aging?
- Liquid gating elastomeric porous system with dynamically controllable gas/liquid transport
We report a new membrane system showing dynamic controllable multiphase transport and separation under steady-state pressure.
- The coupling between auditory and motor cortices is rate-restricted: Evidence for an intrinsic speech-motor rhythm
Auditory-motor neural synchronization during perception is restricted to a narrow frequency range and enhanced at ~4.5 Hz.
- Ultrafast selective transport of alkali metal ions in metal organic frameworks with subnanometer pores
Subnanometer metal organic framework pores can selectively transport alkali metal ions of the same valence and similar sizes.
- Persistent producer-scrounger relationships in bats
Bats exhibit persistent social foraging (producer-scrounger) ties.
- Metasurface optics for full-color computational imaging
We design metalenses to capture colored images with white light by combining metasurfaces and computational imaging.
- The force-dependent mechanism of DnaK-mediated mechanical folding
Mechanical force regulates the extent of chaperone binding to the protein substrate during mechanical folding.
- CO2 leakage alters biogeochemical and ecological functions of submarine sands
CO2 leakage alters benthic carbon cycling and leads to shifts in the food web and ecological functioning of local communities.
- Spin chirality induced skew scattering and anomalous Hall effect in chiral magnets
A new mechanism of skew scattering and anomalous Hall effect due to the spin chirality fluctuation is proposed theoretically.
- Growing old, yet staying young: The role of telomeres in bats’ exceptional longevity
Telomeres do not shorten with age in longest-lived bats.
- Anomalous K-Pg–aged seafloor attributed to impact-induced mid-ocean ridge magmatism
A global anomaly in seafloor structure is attributed to mid-ocean ridge magmatism triggered by the Chicxulub meteorite impact.
- Direct single-molecule dynamic detection of chemical reactions
The dynamic process of a nucleophilic addition reaction has been investigated in graphene-molecule single-molecule junctions.
- UV-B–induced forest sterility: Implications of ozone shield failure in Earth’s largest extinction
UV-B regimes modeled for Earth’s largest mass extinction sterilize living conifers.
- Dipole-like electrostatic asymmetry of gold nanorods
Seemingly symmetric nanoscale cylinders have hidden asymmetry of charge distribution.
- Structure-function covariation with nonfeeding ecological variables influences evolution of feeding specialization in Carnivora
Biomechanical analyses across Carnivora indicate nondietary influences on skull shape and evolution of feeding adaptations.
- Topological transport of sound mediated by spin-redirection geometric phase
The transport of sound can be affected by the spin-redirection geometric phase associated with sound vortices.
- Unprecedented climate events: Historical changes, aspirational targets, and national commitments
UN aspirational targets reduce risk but still produce increases in probability of unprecedented extremes.
- Remnants of Eoarchean continental crust derived from a subducted proto-arc
Newly discovered remnants of Earth’s oldest continental crust are linked to plate tectonics 3.7 billion years ago.
- Scattered wave imaging of the oceanic plate in Cascadia
Scattered waves image discontinuities beneath Cascadia that are likely caused by melt beneath the young oceanic plate.
- Probing quantum coherence in single-atom electron spin resonance
Phase coherence of single-atom spins on surfaces is investigated in a scanning tunneling microscopy experiment.
- Unexpected evolutionary benefit to phages imparted by bacterial CRISPR-Cas9
Phages show an elevated mutation rate and remarkably rapid evolution when attacked by the bacterial CRISPR/Cas system.
- Convolutional neural network for earthquake detection and location
ConvNetQuake is the first neural network for detection and location of earthquakes from seismograms.
- Systematic deficiency of aftershocks in areas of high coseismic slip for large subduction zone earthquakes
Aftershock deficiency in large-slip zones of major subduction zone earthquake ruptures indicates below-critical shear stress.
- Oceanic crustal carbon cycle drives 26-million-year atmospheric carbon dioxide periodicities
How seafloor weathering drives the slow carbon cycle.
- Real-time observation of conformational switching in single conjugated polymer chains
Single-molecule experiments in organic solvents provide new insight into the conformational dynamics of conjugated polymers.
- Survival of spin state in magnetic porphyrins contacted by graphene nanoribbons
A magnetic porphyrin connected to graphene nanoribbons remains magnetic.
- Pre-Quaternary decoupling between Asian aridification and high dust accumulation rates
Pre-Quaternary Asian dust accumulation rate increases were caused by monsoon-driven erosion increases.
- Atomic-like high-harmonic generation from two-dimensional materials
Two-dimensional materials offer a unique platform where both bulk and atomic HHG can be investigated.
- Trophic signatures of seabirds suggest shifts in oceanic ecosystems
A 125-year record of seabird trophic status shows declines reflecting squid boom and improves on prior index deficiencies.
- Fractal universality in near-threshold magnetic lanthanide dimers
Magnetic fields can delocalize the dynamic behavior of chaotic ultracold lanthanide atoms but a violation of ergodicity remains.
- Multi-heme cytochromes provide a pathway for survival in energy-limited environments
Widely distributed outer-membrane cytochromes enable sulfur-reducing bacteria to obtain energy from solid electron donors.
- Synchrotron x-ray imaging visualization study of capillary-induced flow and critical heat flux on surfaces with engineered micropillars
The capillary-induced flow underneath nucleate bubbles is visualized on microtextured surfaces via synchrotron x-ray imaging.
- Tunable Weyl and Dirac states in the nonsymmorphic compound CeSbTe
By establishing magnetic order in a square lattice compound, we introduce the first magnetic “new fermion.”
- Current-induced magnetization switching using an electrically insulating spin-torque generator
This paper reports the first demonstration of current-induced magnetization switching using an ordinary insulator.
- Quantum valence criticality in a correlated metal
We discover the experimental case of a quantum valence criticality leading to the breakdown of the Fermi liquid state.
- Cardiorespiratory interactions previously identified as mammalian are present in the primitive lungfish
Heart rate variation during air breathing indicates similarities between mammals and primitive lungfish.
- A surface-display biohybrid approach to light-driven hydrogen production in air
A bioinorganic hybrid system based on bacterial surface display and biomimetic silicification for hydrogen production.
- Nasalization by Nasalis larvatus: Larger noses audiovisually advertise conspecifics in proboscis monkeys
Multidimensional approaches support audiovisually coevolved large noses on the unique society of proboscis monkeys.
- Trends and fluctuations in the severity of interstate wars
Advanced statistical models suggest that the likelihood of a large interstate war has not changed over 200 years.
- Adaptive metalenses with simultaneous electrical control of focal length, astigmatism, and shift
Artificial muscle corrects metalens aberrations on the fly.
- A “cation-anion regulation” synergistic anode host for dendrite-free lithium metal batteries
A “cation-anion regulation” synergistic anode stabilizes high-energy lithium metal batteries.
- Symbolic use of marine shells and mineral pigments by Iberian Neandertals 115,000 years ago
U-Th dating of archaeological deposits of Cueva de los Aviones provides evidence for Neandertal symbolism 115,000 years ago.
- Dynamics of correlation-frozen antinodal quasiparticles in superconducting cuprates
A novel ultrafast photoemission technique unveils the Mottness of antinodal quasiparticles in superconducting copper oxides.
- Climate warming drives local extinction: Evidence from observation and experimentation
Climate warming causes plant populations to crash by reducing fecundity and survival across multiple life stages.
- U.S. Pacific coastal wetland resilience and vulnerability to sea-level rise
A comprehensive field and modeling study indicates vulnerability of tidal wetlands to sea-level rise on the U.S. Pacific coast.
- Allele-specific long-distance regulation dictates IL-32 isoform switching and mediates susceptibility to HIV-1
This study links a noncoding DNA variant to long range regulation of IL-32 isoform expression, modulating susceptibility to HIV.
- Observation of symmetry-protected topological band with ultracold fermions
Topologically protected states are observed in engineered optical lattices with ultracold fermions.
- A minimal RNA ligand for potent RIG-I activation in living mice
Short stem-loop RNAs activate RIG-I in mice, activating the innate immune system via specific patterns of gene expression.
- The ancestral retinoic acid receptor was a low-affinity sensor triggering neuronal differentiation
Vitamin A–dependent intercellular signaling was originally regulated by a low-affinity sensor and acted in neural development.
- Landscape variation influences trophic cascades in dengue vector food webs
Landscapes affect natural dengue vector control through food webs in both terrestrial and aquatic environments.
- A commensal strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis protects against skin neoplasia
Bacteria within the skin microbiome of some individuals produce an antimetabolite that inhibits tumor growth.
- Mapping a functional cancer genome atlas of tumor suppressors in mouse liver using AAV-CRISPR–mediated direct in vivo screening
AAV-mediated CRISPR screens empower autochthonous functional cancer genomics in the mouse liver.
- Einstein@Home discovers a radio-quiet gamma-ray millisecond pulsar
A citizen science project discovers a new type of gamma-ray millisecond pulsar with no detectable radio pulsations.
- TADs are 3D structural units of higher-order chromosome organization in Drosophila
Drosophila chromosomes are organized in a series of nanocompartments that correspond to topologically associating domains.
- Coral reef structural complexity provides important coastal protection from waves under rising sea levels
If coral reefs continue to degrade, waves on coastlines may substantially increase, leading to greater coastal erosion.
- Autoregulation of von Willebrand factor function by a disulfide bond switch
We demonstrate mechanochemical regulation of platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor in thrombosis and hemostasis.
- Archean kerogen as a new tracer of atmospheric evolution: Implications for dating the widespread nature of early life
Abundant ancient air in Archean kerogen reveals temporal atmospheric Xe evolution, providing a dating tool for early organics.
- Submesoscale-selective compensation of fronts in a salinity-stratified ocean
Salinity fronts in the ocean mixed layer stand out as cold filaments in winter due to restratification rather than upwelling.
- Variant ribosomal RNA alleles are conserved and exhibit tissue-specific expression
Ribosomal RNA sequence variants are conserved, exhibit tissue-specific expression, and are found in actively translating ribosomes.
- Undermining subsistence: Barren-ground caribou in a “tragedy of open access”
Mineral resource development in the Canadian north has tragic consequences for both caribou and Indigenous people.
Review
- Skin-interfaced systems for sweat collection and analytics
The advances in sweat collection and analytics follow from a convergence of electronics, electrochemistry, and microfluidics.
Editorial
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Researchers working in heart muscle cells derived from human stem cells have used CRISPR/Cas9 to correct mutations in clustered sections of the X-linked dystrophin gene. Through this technique, they were able to improve both muscle and cardiac abnormalities associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a genetic disorder that is caused by various kinds of genetic mutations and results in the degeneration of muscle cells. According to the authors, their approach could salvage muscle function in up to 60% of DMD patients. Studies of the DMD gene to date have pinpointed clustered mutations responsible for DMD abnormalities in “hot spot” areas. Chengzu Long et al. proposed a method that takes advantage of this fact, allowing for the removal of a wide range of mutations in these regions, an approach they call "myoediting." Using CRISPR/Cas9 with single-guide RNAs, the researchers performed myoediting in heart muscle cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells and efficiently restored expression of the dystrophin protein in these cardiac muscle cells. CREDIT: SPL/SCIENCE SOURCE