Science Advances

Supplementary Materials

This PDF file includes:

  • section S1. Real-time monitoring of the NR immobilization procedure
  • section S2. Single-molecule analysis
  • section S3. Control experiments
  • section S4. PCR experiments
  • section S5. KF interactions with ssDNA and ptDNA/dNTP
  • section S6. Signal comparisons between Pfu-immobilized NRS and bare NRS interacting with a WGM cavity
  • section S7. Pfu polymerase interactions with two different lengths of ptDNA
  • section S8. Additional information
  • section S9. Discussion on the detection of freely diffusing polymerase molecules
  • fig. S1. Time-traced WGM resonance positions (Δ) and linewidth broadening (ΔΓ) with step-like changes induced by binding of individual NRs (dimensions, 25 nm× 49 nm; λlaser = 642 nm).
  • fig. S2. Single-molecule statistics.
  • fig. S3. Control experiments.
  • fig. S4. Gel of the PCR with citrate NRs and Taq/Pfu polymerase.
  • fig. S5. Comparison of KF interactions associated with ssDNA and ptDNA/dNTP.
  • fig. S6. Comparison of transient changes in WGM response position and WGM
    linewidth as induced by NRs (before and after Pfu-surface functionalization) entering the WGM’s evanescent field.
  • fig. S7. Pfu-polymerase interactions with two different lengths of ptDNA strands.
  • fig. S8. Sketch of the model used to perform Monte Carlo simulations.
  • fig. S9. Probabilities of a polymerase molecule to be still located inside the detection volume after a certain duration of time as obtained from Monte Carlo simulations using different initial molecule positions.
  • fig. S10. Probabilities of detecting resonance shifts with amplitudes of 15 (black) and 30 (red) fm of perturbations with a certain duration as shifts above 3σ (solid lines) or σ (dashed lines) during one wavelength sweep of the laser (20 ms).
  • fig. S11. Zoom in showing probabilities Pdet and Ploc plotted on the interval and for the cases where they overlap with nonzero values.
  • fig. S12. Zoom in showing Pres.
  • table S1. Numerical values used in the fitting process of PPoisson to Pmeas in fig. S2,
    alongside the respective coefficients of determination R2.
  • table S2. Numerical values of the results shown in the Arrhenius plots of Fig. 5.
  • References (25–27)

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