Contents
January 2021
Vol 7, Issue 4
Vol 7, Issue 4
Contents
Research Articles
- Molecular design of stapled pentapeptides as building blocks of self-assembled coiled coil–like fibers
A joint computational and experimental effort unravels a peptide scaffold for self-assembled nanomaterials.
- Making climate projections conditional on historical observations
Historical temperature record narrows uncertainty on past and future human-induced warming leading to refined climate projections.
- Electric field–catalyzed single-molecule Diels-Alder reaction dynamics
An electric field promotes an unprecedented stepwise Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction mechanism.
- Real-time tracking of bacterial membrane vesicles reveals enhanced membrane traffic upon antibiotic exposure
Tracking membrane vesicle behavior in living bacterial microcolonies reveals that vesicle transport is enhanced with antibiotics.
- 1-Methylnicotinamide is an immune regulatory metabolite in human ovarian cancer
MNA contributes to the immune suppression of T cells and represents a potential immunotherapy target to treat human cancer.
- Linkage-specific deubiquitylation by OTUD5 defines an embryonic pathway intolerant to genomic variation
Disease-causing mutations in a linkage-specific deubiquitylase provide insights into chromatin remodeling during embryogenesis.
- Haploid induction by a maize cenh3 null mutant
Maize plants heterozygous for a mutation in a key centromere protein induce haploid progeny when crossed.
- Crystallization in one-step solution deposition of perovskite films: Upward or downward?
One-step deposition of perovskite films follows the downward crystallization from intermediate phases during thermal annealing.
- Hydroclimate footprint of pan-Asian monsoon water isotope during the last deglaciation
Pan-Asian monsoon water isotope variability is found accompanied by a continental-scale hydroclimate footprint.
- A microneedle platform for buccal macromolecule delivery
Microneedles with high drug-loaded tips allow fast and painless delivery of biologics into the buccal mucosa.
- Revisiting evidence for widespread seismicity in the upper mantle under Los Angeles
Previously reported widespread seismicity in the mantle under Los Angeles is likely a processing artifact.
- A deep sleep stage in Drosophila with a functional role in waste clearance
Proboscis extension–mediated waste clearance during deep sleep in Drosophila reveals a conserved primordial function of sleep.
- Leadership or luck? Randomization inference for leader effects in politics, business, and sports
A new method finds that leaders are highly consequential in politics and sports but not business.
- Safe harbor-targeted CRISPR-Cas9 homology-independent targeted integration for multimodality reporter gene-based cell tracking
A CRISPR-based system enables safer multimodal in vivo reporter gene cell tracking.
- Exosomal delivery of NF-κB inhibitor delays LPS-induced preterm birth and modulates fetal immune cell profile in mouse models
Exosomes engineered to cargo anti-inflammatory drug delay infection-induced preterm birth by reducing fetal inflammatory response.
- Systematic engineering of artificial metalloenzymes for new-to-nature reactions
An E. coli platform for systematic engineering of artificial metalloenzymes that catalyze new-to-nature reactions is described.
- Hidden destruction of older forests threatens Brazil’s Atlantic Forest and challenges restoration programs
Native forest spatiotemporal dynamics must be included into restoration programs to better estimate their expected benefits.
- Wearable plasmonic-metasurface sensor for noninvasive and universal molecular fingerprint detection on biointerfaces
A wearable plasmonic-electronic sensor can noninvasively extract and “fingerprint” various molecules inside human body.
- Diamond formation in an electric field under deep Earth conditions
Localized electric fields induce diamond crystallization from carbonates under P-T conditions of Earth’s mantle.
- Gut microbiota from patients with arteriosclerotic CSVD induces higher IL-17A production in neutrophils via activating RORγt
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota might promote the pathophysiological process of aCSVD.
- Reconciling atmospheric CO2, weathering, and calcite compensation depth across the Cenozoic
Cenozoic carbon dioxide, weathering, and calcite compensation depth reconciled in a comprehensive carbon cycle model.
- Ultralow magnetic damping of a common metallic ferromagnetic film
FeAl will offer a wide range of materials for spintronics applications that demand low-loss, low-damping ferromagnets.
- Development of optically controlled “living electrodes” with long-projecting axon tracts for a synaptic brain-machine interface
Engineered neuronal microtissue with bundled axons was grown, controlled using light, and implanted as a living neural interface.
- Annexin-A1 SUMOylation regulates microglial polarization after cerebral ischemia by modulating IKKα stability via selective autophagy
SUMOylation of annexin-A1 promotes an anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype and protects against cerebral ischemic injury.
- Observation of electron-induced characteristic x-ray and bremsstrahlung radiation from a waveguide cavity
Using a waveguide as an x-ray anode, x-ray emission can be increased in certain directions, based on the Purcell effect.
- Mga safeguards embryonic stem cells from acquiring extraembryonic endoderm fates
Mga functions as a gatekeeper to prevent embryonic stem cells from entering into the endodermal lineage.
- Spatial patterns and conservation of genetic and phylogenetic diversity of wildlife in China
Meta-analyses reveal the large-scale spatial patterns of genetic and phylogenetic diversity for Chinese terrestrial vertebrates.
- Possible detection of hydrazine on Saturn’s moon Rhea
Far-ultraviolet detection of a new chemical species on the icy surface of Rhea.
- Metabolic differentiation and intercellular nurturing underpin bacterial endospore formation
Sporulation entails intercellular metabolic dependency and nutrient exchange, providing a bacterial case of progeny nurturing.
- Trabecular bone organoid model for studying the regulation of localized bone remodeling
A tissue-engineered model of the trabecular bone microenvironment elucidates spatiotemporal aspects of bone remodeling processes.
- Genetic ancestry changes in Stone to Bronze Age transition in the East European plain
aDNA reveals Eastern hunter-gatherers in NW Russia after Ice Age, Steppe and farmer ancestries in first forest pastoralists.
- Sustained and targeted delivery of checkpoint inhibitors by metal-organic frameworks for cancer immunotherapy
Delivery of antibodies using smart frameworks affords sustained and targeted activation of T cells for improved immunotherapy.
- Atomic-scale spin-polarization maps using functionalized superconducting probes
Functionalized STM tips can map the spin polarization of nanomagnets quantitatively with atomic spatial resolution.
- Evolution of forelimb musculoskeletal function across the fish-to-tetrapod transition
Musculoskeletal models of the first vertebrate limbs reveal adaptations for propulsion, but not weight support.
- Laser vibrational excitation of radicals to prevent crystallinity degradation caused by boron doping in diamond
An active, “microscopic,” laser-enabled control of energy coupling channel produces highly conductive and crystalline diamond.
- Experimental quantum reading with photon counting
The readout of digital data from an optical memory is enhanced by quantum-correlated light and photon-counting measurements.
- Tumor immunological phenotype signature-based high-throughput screening for the discovery of combination immunotherapy compounds
A high-throughput screening approach enables the discovery of tumor immune microenvironment modulator and immunotherapy booster.
- Axodendritic versus axosomatic cochlear efferent termination is determined by afferent type in a hierarchical logic of circuit formation
A hierarchical sequence reveals how four types of neuron connecting ear and brain assemble into a circuit for hearing.
- Confinement-induced self-organization in growing bacterial colonies
How do bacterial colonies orient and navigate through a narrow channel?
- The characteristic response of domestic cats to plant iridoids allows them to gain chemical defense against mosquitoes
Cats anoint themselves with plant metabolites that confer mosquito repellence.
- The chromosomal protein SMCHD1 regulates DNA methylation and the 2c-like state of embryonic stem cells by antagonizing TET proteins
The chromosomal protein SMCHD1 regulates DNA methylation patterns by antagonizing 5-methylcytosine oxidation.
- Discovery of multivalley Fermi surface responsible for the high thermoelectric performance in Yb14MnSb11 and Yb14MgSb11
A multivalley Fermi surface in a multiband electronic structure leads to unconventional trends in electronic properties.
- Exercise mimetics and JAK inhibition attenuate IFN-γ–induced wasting in engineered human skeletal muscle
“Exercise in a dish” prevents inflammation-induced loss of engineered human skeletal muscle strength and form.
- 3D anisotropic structure of the Japan subduction zone
A high-resolution 3D model of anisotropic structure beneath Japan is determined using a tomographic method.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Leaders are viewed as a valuable assets in mainstream society, with universities offering leadership degrees and bestselling books sharing leadership advice. However, there has been little rigorous empirical data attributing outcomes to leaders. To bridge this knowledge gap, Berry et al. developed a novel statistical method for testing leader effects called randomization inference for leader effects (RIFLE), which relies on fewer assumptions and leverages variations in data more effectively than methods from previous research. The researchers used this technique to estimate the impact of political leaders, CEOs, and sports coaches on various outcomes. They found that football, basketball, baseball, and hockey coaches at both the professional and collegiate level had the largest influence on outcomes. World leaders appeared to influence their nations' economies, with autocratic leaders exerting a particularly strong effect, while governors affected fiscal policy and crime but not economic prosperity and mayors seemed to affect none of these outcomes. CEOs of major U.S. companies did not appear to sway the success of their firms.[CREDIT: PIRANKA/ISTOCK]
