Contents
August 2021
Vol 7, Issue 32
Vol 7, Issue 32
Neuroscience
- Olfactory receptor–dependent receptor repression in Drosophila
Feedback mechanisms ensure the exclusive expression of olfactory receptors in Drosophila.
Earth, Environmental, Ecological, and Space Sciences
- Early evidence for historical overfishing in the Gulf of Mexico
Early overfishing in the Gulf of Mexico highlights vulnerability of one of the world’s most productive marine fishery areas.
- The source scaling and seismic productivity of slow slip transients
Aseismic and seismic slip scaling indicate similar physics governing tremor and earthquake swarms during slow slip events.
- Absence of a long-lived lunar paleomagnetosphere
The Moon lacked a long-lived magnetic field of internal origin, and this allowed solar wind volatiles to accumulate in its soils.
- A widely diverged locus involved in locomotor adaptation in Heliconius butterflies
A locomotor locus shows high divergence and signatures of introgression among Heliconius butterflies.
- Intense subaerial weathering of eolian sediments in Gale crater, Mars
Clay-bearing sedimentary rocks at Gale crater are more consistent with subaerial chemical weathering than formation in a lake.
- Cellular costs underpin micronutrient limitation in phytoplankton
Proteomic allocation modeling coupled with metaproteomics reveals that cellular costs govern micronutrient-controlled growth.
- Temperature sensitivity of permafrost carbon release mediated by mineral and microbial properties
Large-scale evidence reveals that mineral and microbial properties mediate permafrost C release and its temperature response.
- Large slip, long duration, and moderate shaking of the Nicaragua 1992 tsunami earthquake caused by low near-trench rock rigidity
Elastic rock properties in the Nicaragua subduction zone explain the anomalous characteristics of tsunami earthquakes.
Physical and Materials Sciences
- The physics of cement cohesion
Ion-water restructuring under confinement is at the origin of ion-specific nanoscale forces that control cement cohesion.
- Cointegration of single-transistor neurons and synapses by nanoscale CMOS fabrication for highly scalable neuromorphic hardware
Cointegration of single-transistor neurons and synapses for highly scalable neuromorphic hardware is demonstrated.
- Oxygen-deficient metal oxides supported nano-intermetallic InNi3C0.5 toward efficient CO2 hydrogenation to methanol
Oxygen-deficient oxide supports enhance the electron density of InNi3C0.5, enabling efficient CO2 hydrogenation to methanol.
- Efficient energy transport in an organic semiconductor mediated by transient exciton delocalization
Precisely tuning an organic semiconductor’s crystalline order allows exciton transport to proceed 2-3 orders of magnitude faster.
- Stretchable anisotropic conductive film (S-ACF) for electrical interfacing in high-resolution stretchable circuits
Microparticle aligned-stretchable anisotropic conductive film enables high-resolution stretchable circuit lines to interconnect.
- Programmable self-propelling actuators enabled by a dynamic helical medium
Actuators mimic the unique motion of bacteria, which are realized by self-organizing photoresponsive cholesteric liquid crystals.
- Metal atom–guided conformational analysis of single polynuclear coordination molecules
Atomic-resolution electron microscopy elucidated single-molecule conformations of polynuclear coordination compounds.
- Beating the standard quantum limit under ambient conditions with solid-state spins
Beating the standard quantum limit under ambient conditions with solid-state spins is realized.
Biomedicine and Life Sciences
- The exon-junction complex helicase eIF4A3 controls cell fate via coordinated regulation of ribosome biogenesis and translational output
The exon junction complex helicase eIF4A3 orchestrates Pol I and Pol II posttranscriptional events.
- Effect of BCG vaccination on proinflammatory responses in elderly individuals
BCG vaccination significantly diminished proinflammatory responses in elderly individuals in COVID-19 hot spots.
- Self-assembling synthetic nanoadjuvant scaffolds cross-link B cell receptors and represent new platform technology for therapeutic antibody production
Self-assembling nanoadjuvant scaffolds cross-link B cell receptors and are a new platform technology for therapeutic antibodies.
- The epigenetic factor FVE orchestrates cytoplasmic SGS3-DRB4-DCL4 activities to promote transgene silencing in Arabidopsis
The epigenetic factor FVE synchronizes SGS3-DRB4/DCL2/4 functions to promote transgenic siRNA production in the cytoplasm.
- Repurposing RNA sequencing for discovery of RNA modifications in clinical cohorts
Reusing RNA sequencing data from clinical cohorts reveals relationships between the epitranscriptome and clinical outcomes.
- GRB2 enforces homology-directed repair initiation by MRE11
GRB2 controls radiation-induced DNA damage repair—a predictive biomarker for PARPi and radiation therapy outcome.
- Minimally instrumented SHERLOCK (miSHERLOCK) for CRISPR-based point-of-care diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants
An integrated, low-cost, sample-to-answer, CRISPR-based diagnostic detects SARS-CoV-2 and variants from unprocessed saliva.
- Longitudinal tracking of neuronal mitochondria delineates PINK1/Parkin-dependent mechanisms of mitochondrial recycling and degradation
Time-lapse imaging delineates the mitochondrial life cycle in neurons regulated by PINK1 and Parkin.
- The structural basis of bacterial manganese import
Bacterial manganese import is achieved by unique architectural features that are conserved across the kingdoms of life.
- Differential H4K16ac levels ensure a balance between quiescence and activation in hematopoietic stem cells
Variable H4K16ac levels are associated with hematopoietic stem cell state heterogeneity.
- Nanocapsules modify membrane interaction of polymyxin B to enable safe systemic therapy of Gram-negative sepsis
Nanocapsules modify membrane interaction of polymyxin B to reduce its toxicity and enable safe systemic therapy of sepsis.
- Rapid generation of maternal mutants via oocyte transgenic expression of CRISPR-Cas9 and sgRNAs in zebrafish
A time-saving and deletion-prone method facilitates functional study of maternal factors in zebrafish.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Scientists have encountered a long-lasting paradox between the convergent mimetic wing patterns of Heliconius butterflies, a colorful, widespread genus, and their rapid divergence in speciation. While mimicry requires converged wing patterns, speciation suggests the emergence of diversified wing patterns. To reconcile these two fundamental evolutionary questions and fill this research gap, Yubo Zhang and colleagues used genomics technologies, finding that the answer lies in wing locomotion. The researchers characterized a locus (a fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located) that consistently shows high divergence among Heliconius butterflies and acts as an introgression hotspot. They revealed that this locus contains multiple locomotion-related genes that are conserved in Lepidoptera, an order of insects that includes butterflies and moths, suggesting that locomotion traits may be under selection in butterflies and may play important roles in speciation and adaptation. [CREDIT: ADRIAN DAVIES/MINDEN PICTURES]
