Contents
October 2020
Vol 6, Issue 43
Vol 6, Issue 43
Research Articles
- The age of Clovis—13,050 to 12,750 cal yr B.P.
The Clovis complex dates from 13,050 to 12,750 cal yr B.P. during a time of major environmental change.
- Nonadjacent dependency processing in monkeys, apes, and humans
Artificial grammar experiments show that marmosets and chimpanzees can process nonadjacent decencies, a key feature of human language.
- Dynamic brain-to-brain concordance and behavioral mirroring as a mechanism of the patient-clinician interaction
Brain activity concordance between patients and clinicians supports therapeutic alliance and treatment relief of pain.
- The structural basis for Z α1-antitrypsin polymerization in the liver
α1-Antitrypsin polymers from human tissue have a structure most consistent with an intermolecular C-terminal domain swap.
- Urbanization and market integration have strong, nonlinear effects on cardiometabolic health in the Turkana
Turkana pastoralists who move to cities exhibit poor cardiometabolic health, consistent with evolutionary mismatch.
- Endogenous retroviruses drive KRAB zinc-finger protein family expression for tumor suppression
The derepression of HERVs in tumors leads to the up-regulation of hundreds of KZFPs, which are potential tumor suppressors.
- The FAM171A2 gene is a key regulator of progranulin expression and modifies the risk of multiple neurodegenerative diseases
The FAM171A2 gene is a key regulator of progranulin expression and modifies the risk of multiple neurodegenerative diseases.
- Decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds identify full-length collagen VI as a driver of breast cancer cell invasion in obesity and metastasis
Collagen VI, an ECM protein up-regulated in triple-negative breast cancer and obese individuals, drives breast cancer metastasis.
- A quasi-paired cohort strategy reveals the impaired detoxifying function of microbes in the gut of autistic children
Impairment in gut microbial detoxification is correlated with mitochondrial dysfunction and disease severity in autistic children.
- A continuous pathway for fresh water along the East Greenland shelf
The East Greenland Coastal Current connects fresh water from the arctic to the subpolar North Atlantic.
- HSB-1/HSF-1 pathway modulates histone H4 in mitochondria to control mtDNA transcription and longevity
HSB-1/HSF-1 modulates longevity and mitochondrial function by mediating histone H4-dependent regulation of mtDNA gene expression.
- Model uncertainty, political contestation, and public trust in science: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic
Communications engaging uncertainty in COVID-19 research affect public trust in science and support for science-based policy.
- MCART1/SLC25A51 is required for mitochondrial NAD transport
We demystify how mitochondria obtain NAD, revealing that MCART1/SCL25A51 is required for NAD transport into mitochondria.
- Regulation of chaperone function by coupled folding and oligomerization
Trimeric chaperone Skp activates by an unprecedented mechanism, with folding from a disordered state coupled to trimerization.
- Slowing down of dynamics and orientational order preceding crystallization in hard-sphere systems
Dynamics in dense hard-sphere systems close to crystallization and vitrification is governed by their orientational order.
- Targeted sequence design within the coarse-grained polymer genome
Coarse-grained modeling, machine learning, and optimization enable efficient design of polymers with target properties.
- CD1d1 intrinsic signaling in macrophages controls NLRP3 inflammasome expression during inflammation
iGB3/CD1d1 determines the severity of DSS-colitis through inhibiting Nlrp3, Il1b, and Il18 transcription in macrophages.
- Single-shot 3D wide-field fluorescence imaging with a Computational Miniature Mesoscope
Computational Miniature Mesoscope enables single-shot large-scale 3D fluorescence imaging with single-cell level resolution.
- Increased ecological resource variability during a critical transition in hominin evolution
Adaptations characteristic of early Homo sapiens prevailed during a shift to unstable environment and less predictable resources.
- Natural polymorphism of Ym1 regulates pneumonitis through alternative activation of macrophages
Ym1 polymorphism regulates alternative activation of macrophages leading to variable susceptibility to inflammatory diseases.
- Integrated proteomics reveals brain-based cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in asymptomatic and symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease
Integrative proteomic analysis identifies CSF biomarker panels linked to brain-based pathophysiologies in Alzheimer’s disease.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER While fluorescence imaging is an essential tool for biologists and neuroscientists, conventional microscopes and miniscopes (used to image freely behaving animals) have been constrained by limited space-bandwidth product, shallow depth-of-field, and inability to resolve 3D distributed emitters. To overcome these limitations, Xue et al. developed a Computational Miniature Mesoscope (CM2). This light, compact mesoscope integrates both a microlens array for imaging and an LED array for excitation within the same platform, allowing the device to perform single-shot 3D imaging across an 8 × 7-mm2 field-of-view and 2.5-mm depth-of-field. The CM2 provides at least a 10 times field of view gain and a 100 times depth-of-field improvement over existing miniscopes. Xue et al. tested the device using volumetrically distributed fluorescent beads and fibers and used phantom experiments to measure the effects of bulk scattering and background fluorescence. The researchers suggest this mesoscope may be useful for a wide range of applications in biomedicine and 3D neural recording. [CREDIT: XUE ET AL./SCIENCE ADVANCES]
