Contents
November 2020
Vol 6, Issue 48
Vol 6, Issue 48
Contents
Research Articles
- The arches of chaos in the Solar System
We have discovered an intricate ornamental structure of chaos that leads to very rapid transport for small Solar System bodies.
- Patient-centered connectivity-based prediction of tau pathology spread in Alzheimer’s disease
In Alzheimer’s disease, PET-assessed tau pathology emerges locally and spreads throughout functionally connected regions.
- Redox state of Earth’s magma ocean and its Venus-like early atmosphere
Oxidation state of iron in Earth’s magma ocean indicates it would have produced a Venus-like early atmosphere upon cooling.
- A matricellular protein fibulin-4 is essential for the activation of lysyl oxidase
A secreted protein activates a major extracellular matrix cross-linking enzyme by promoting copper ion transfer in the Golgi.
- Inactivation-mimicking block of the epithelial calcium channel TRPV6
Small-molecule piperazine derivatives mimic inactivation by calmodulin to selectively and potently block TRPV6 channels.
- A facile one-stage treatment of critical bone defects using a calcium sulfate/hydroxyapatite biomaterial providing spatiotemporal delivery of bone morphogenic protein–2 and zoledronic acid
Combining BMP-2 and zoledronic acid is a recipe for creating “synthetic autologous bone” to treat large bone defects.
- ECM-inspired micro/nanofibers for modulating cell function and tissue generation
A ECM-inspired heterogeneous scaffold promoted dura mater healing and inhibited fibrosis via microstructural/biochemical cues.
- Controlling information duration on rewritable luminescent paper based on hybrid antimony (III) chloride/small-molecule absorbates
The controllable response of materials to small-molecule absorbates helps control the information duration on rewritable paper.
- The stem/progenitor landscape is reshaped in a mouse model of essential thrombocythemia and causes excess megakaryocyte production
Mutant CALR drives ET at multiple stages of hematopoiesis.
- The immune and circulatory systems are functionally integrated across insect evolution
Infection induces the migration of immune cells to the heart of insects.
- PBRM1 and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthetic pathway promote tumor killing mediated by MHC-unrestricted cytotoxic lymphocytes
This research uncovered regulators of tumor killing mediated by MHC-unrestricted cytotoxic lymphocytes.
- A 220,000-year-long continuous large earthquake record on a slow-slipping plate boundary
A 220-ka-long Mw ≥ 7.0 earthquake record reveals an unexpectedly high seismicity rate on a slow-slipping plate boundary.
- On the shuttling across the blood-brain barrier via tubule formation: Mechanism and cargo avidity bias
Tubule formation acts as cargo transport across the blood-brain barrier.
- Regeneration of the pulmonary vascular endothelium after viral pneumonia requires COUP-TF2
Repair of blood vessels after viral lung injury is achieved by resident endothelial cells and requires COUP-TF2.
- First global observations of third-degree ocean tides
A new family of small ocean tides is extracted from three decades of satellite altimetry.
- Marine electrical imaging reveals novel freshwater transport mechanism in Hawai‘i
Marine electrical imaging reveals novel onshore-to-offshore submarine freshwater transport mechanism in volcanic islands.
- Germline genomic patterns are associated with cancer risk, oncogenic pathways, and clinical outcomes
Germline variants when organized as genomic patterns are associated with cancer risk, oncogenic pathways, and clinical outcomes.
- Artificial lake expansion amplifies mercury pollution from gold mining
Artificial lake expansion and high mercury loading synergistically increase mercury contamination risk from gold mining.
- CRISPR-mediated BMP9 ablation promotes liver steatosis via the down-regulation of PPARα expression
Hepatic cytokine BMP9 attenuates fatty liver by regulating the key lipid metabolism factor PPARα.
- Mixed-dimensional MXene-hydrogel heterostructures for electronic skin sensors with ultrabroad working range
Heterogeneous integration of robust hydrogel and soft MXene shows multifunctional sensing.
- Single-cell peripheral immunoprofiling of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases
Peripheral immune responses of Alzheimer’s disease patients are uniquely different from those of healthy and disease controls.
- Functionally distinct resident macrophage subsets differentially shape responses to infection in the bladder
Phenotypically and spatially distinct macrophage subsets reside in the bladder with differing roles in response to infection.
- Shared decision-making allows subordinates to lead when dominants monopolize resources
Subordinates lead when dominants monopolize.
- Genomic signatures in the coral holobiont reveal host adaptations driven by Holocene climate change and reef specific symbionts
Genomes of 150 coral colonies reveal evolutionary processes related to past climatic change on the Great Barrier Reef.
- Engineered spin-orbit interactions in LaAlO3/SrTiO3-based 1D serpentine electron waveguides
Serpentine paths introduce spin-orbit interactions in electron waveguides.
- Controlling colloidal crystals via morphing energy landscapes and reinforcement learning
A feedback control scheme is developed for rapid assembly of perfect target structures on morphing energy landscapes.
- Predicting patch occupancy reveals the complexity of host range expansion
Effects of plant variation and interacting species explain the colonization of a novel host plant by the Melissa blue butterfly.
- Serotonergic projections to the orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortices differentially modulate waiting for future rewards
Serotonergic projections to the orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortices modulate waiting for future rewards differently.
- IGF2R-initiated proton rechanneling dictates an anti-inflammatory property in macrophages
Specific activation of IGF2R inhibits inflammatory diseases via induction of anti-inflammatory macrophages.
- Protein-avoidant ionic liquid (PAIL)–coated nanoparticles to increase bloodstream circulation and drive biodistribution
Ionic liquid–modified nanoparticles show extended circulation and redirected biodistribution in mice compared to control particles.
- Evidence that investors penalize female founders for lack of industry fit
Female-led ventures are penalized in funding and valuation when catering to male-dominated industries due to a “lack of fit.”
- A fungal effector targets a heat shock–dynamin protein complex to modulate mitochondrial dynamics and reduce plant immunity
A fungal effector targets a heat shock–dynamin protein complex to modulate mitochondrial dynamics and reduce plant immunity.
- A stable Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a changing North Atlantic Ocean since the 1990s
In contrast to profound North Atlantic property changes, the AMOC was stable on decadal time scales over the past three decades.
- Direct observation of nanoparticle-surfactant assembly and jamming at the water-oil interface
Direct observation of nanoparticle adsorption to the water-oil interface captures early attachment and jamming.
- Visualization nanozyme based on tumor microenvironment “unlocking” for intensive combination therapy of breast cancer
The combination between visualization nanozyme and tumor vascular normalization contributes to the therapy of breast cancer.
- Control of the noncollinear interlayer exchange coupling
Metallic spacer layers enable precise control of the angle between the magnetic moments of two ferromagnetic layers.
- Intrapore energy barriers govern ion transport and selectivity of desalination membranes
A fundamental study elucidates the mechanisms underlying selective ion transport through desalination membranes.
- Touch-induced seedling morphological changes are determined by ethylene-regulated pectin degradation
Mechanical force–repressed pectin degradation alters cell wall mechanics in control of cell growth and tissue morphogenesis.
- Retracing the evolutionary emergence of thymopoiesis
Evolutionary changes in the lymphopoietic capacity of the thymus are recapitulated in mice.
- Robust inference of positive selection on regulatory sequences in the human brain
A new method provides evidence that evolution of gene activity in the human brain was driven by natural selection.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER For decades, scientists have explored how solids assemble at a liquid interface—a process that is central to ore purification, emulsions, and encapsulation. To better understand the mechanism by which nanoparticle surfactants attach to the interface, Chai et al. used laser scanning confocal microscopy and in situ atomic force microscopy to directly observe that early-stage attachment of nanoparticles to the interface is diffusion-limited. The researchers found that electrostatic interactions between nanoparticles and ligands result in the formation of nanoparticle surfactants that assemble at water-oil interfaces and form jammed structures, producing a solid-like layer. As the areal density of the nanoparticle surfactants increases, further attachment requires cooperative displacement of the previously assembled nanoparticle surfactants both laterally and vertically. The high spatial and temporal resolution of their observations reveals the complex mechanism of attachment and the nature of the assembly. [CREDIT: ELLA MARU STUDIO]
