Contents
February 2021
Vol 7, Issue 9
Vol 7, Issue 9
Contents
Research Articles
- Millisecond lattice gasification for high-density CO2- and O2-sieving nanopores in single-layer graphene
Tight control of pore size distribution at high pore density achieved by millisecond gasification.
- Enhancement of liver-directed transgene expression at initial and repeat doses of AAV vectors admixed with ImmTOR nanoparticles
Liver-directed AAV transgene expression is enhanced by ImmTOR nanoparticles.
- Emergent stereoselective interactions and self-recognition in polar chiral active ellipsoids
Experiments on 3D-printed chiral active ellipsoids now uncover the dynamical analogs of stereoselectivity and self-recognition.
- Goal-dependent tuning of muscle spindle receptors during movement preparation
Movement preparation tunes muscle stiffness via the goal-dependent control of muscle spindle sensors.
- Plasma cells shape the mesenchymal identity of ovarian cancers through transfer of exosome-derived microRNAs
Plasma cells shape the mesenchymal identity of ovarian cancers through exosome-mediated miR-330-3p/JAM2 axis.
- Hierarchical mechanical metamaterials built with scalable tristable elements for ternary logic operation and amplitude modulation
A class of mechanical metamaterials with scalable tristable elements was developed to offer programmable multistability.
- The unequal impact of parenthood in academia
Parenthood causes an unequal impact to the productivity of women in academia, taking 5 years for them to catch up to men.
- Nanoscale optical writing through upconversion resonance energy transfer
Resonance energy transfer from upconversion nanoparticles induces the reduction in graphene oxide for nanoscale optical writing.
- Ardipithecus hand provides evidence that humans and chimpanzees evolved from an ancestor with suspensory adaptations
The suspensory hand of Ardipithecus untangles the relationship between bipedalism and stone tool use in human evolution.
- The regulatory enzymes and protein substrates for the lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation pathway
Widespread lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation plays diverse regulatory roles and is reversibly regulated by p300 and HDAC1/2.
- Groundwater depletion will reduce cropping intensity in India
Groundwater depletion will reduce cropping intensity in India, and canal irrigation cannot fully substitute for this loss.
- Tumor-specific cytolytic CD4 T cells mediate immunity against human cancer
Fully functional, tumor-specific, SLAMF7-expressing cytotoxic CD4 T cells directly mediate immunity against human cancer.
- Atmospheric aging enhances the ice nucleation ability of biomass-burning aerosol
Ability of biomass-burning smoke particles to glaciate clouds increases as the plume undergoes atmospheric dilution and aging.
- The global network of ports supporting high seas fishing
High seas fishing is described by a modular network coupled with a heterogeneous hierarchy of harbors and countries.
- A dynein-associated photoreceptor protein prevents ciliary acclimation to blue light
DYBLUP is a blue light sensor protein that binds to ciliary dynein motors and regulates light acclimation.
- Globally distributed iridium layer preserved within the Chicxulub impact structure
The preservation of the iridium-rich layer within the Chicxulub crater captures the timing of the K-Pg boundary events.
- Extended amygdala-parabrachial circuits alter threat assessment and regulate feeding
Circuit dissection techniques reveal that extended amygdala-brainstem circuitry integrates threat and feeding behavior.
- Insulin signaling in AgRP neurons regulates meal size to limit glucose excursions and insulin resistance
Insulin signaling in the hypothalamus limits the size of meals to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia and insulin resistance.
- Engineered ionizable lipid nanoparticles for targeted delivery of RNA therapeutics into different types of cells in the liver
Engineered ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) were developed for the LSEC-specific delivery of RNA therapeutics.
- Large sulfur isotope fractionation in lunar volcanic glasses reveals the magmatic differentiation and degassing of the Moon
The differentiation and degassing of the Moon are revealed in the sulfur isotopes of lunar lavas.
- Microglia control small vessel calcification via TREM2
Microglial activity is needed to halt nascent vascular calcification.
- People accurately predict the transition probabilities between actions
People accurately predict sequences of everyday actions, supported in part by conceptual knowledge tailored for such predictions.
- Spatial heterogeneity and environmental predictors of permafrost region soil organic carbon stocks
Heterogeneous environmental controls on permafrost region soil organic carbon stocks can now be quantified with spatial modeling.
- Exploring complex graphs using three-dimensional quantum walks of correlated photons
Correlated photons undergo quantum walks on 3D graphs governed by their spatial and polarization degrees of freedom.
- The deacetylation-phosphorylation regulation of SIRT2-SMC1A axis as a mechanism of antimitotic catastrophe in early tumorigenesis
SIRT2-mediated deacetylation of SMC1A promotes its phosphorylation and overcomes the oncogenic stress for tumor cell survival.
- Ultrasound Doppler-guided real-time navigation of a magnetic microswarm for active endovascular delivery
Ultrasound Doppler–guided formation and navigation of nanoparticle microswarm enable real-time active endovascular delivery.
- Cryo-EM structure of a proton-activated chloride channel TMEM206
Cryo-EM reveals structural insights into a new class of chloride channels that underlies acid-sensitive anion currents.
- Late-stage stitching enabled by manganese-catalyzed C─H activation: Peptide ligation and access to cyclopeptides
Earth-abundant manganese catalyst enabled the expedient synthesis of cyclic peptides via activation of inert C─H bonds.
- Islet expression of type I interferon response sensors is associated with immune infiltration and viral infection in type 1 diabetes
Interferon response sensors are expressed in the islet of Langerhans during the course of type 1 diabetes.
- Injectable hydrogel with MSNs/microRNA-21-5p delivery enables both immunomodification and enhanced angiogenesis for myocardial infarction therapy in pigs
On-demand controlled miR-21-5p delivery system integrates immune modification and proangiogenesis assists MI therapy.
- Strong local, not global, controls on marine pyrite sulfur isotopes
Local to regional depositional environment controls the S-isotopic composition of sedimentary pyrite.
- A unified vegetation index for quantifying the terrestrial biosphere
Machine learning generalizes vegetation indices to better quantify the terrestrial biosphere.
- The use of nanovibration to discover specific and potent bioactive metabolites that stimulate osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells
Osteogenic activity metabolites can be identified in nanovibrational culture and have their specificity and potency enhanced.
- Functional antagonism of chromatin modulators regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Chromatin modulators with antagonistic functions on epithelial-mesenchymal interconversion regulate common pan-cancer genes.
- Chimpanzees behave prosocially in a group-specific manner
An experiment with chimpanzees in three neighboring communities show that they behave prosocially in a group-specific manner.
- Molecular architecture of the endocytic TPLATE complex
An integrative structural approach reveals crucial roles of specific subunits in the plant TPLATE/TSET complex.
- Implementing graph-theoretic quantum algorithms on a silicon photonic quantum walk processor
Programmable silicon photonics realizes universal control over quantum walks.
- Diversified transcriptional responses of myeloid and glial cells in spinal cord injury shaped by HDAC3 activity
Transcriptional maps reveal diverse responses of immune and glial cells in spinal cord injury.
- Long-lived charge separation following pump-wavelength–dependent ultrafast charge transfer in graphene/WS2 heterostructures
Ultrafast spectroscopies shed light on charge carrier transfer and recombination across van der Waals heterostructures.
- Cryo-EM structure of enteric adenovirus HAdV-F41 highlights structural variations among human adenoviruses
This work reports the structure of an enteric adenovirus and its differences with respiratory and ocular adenoviruses.
- Intrinsically stretchable organic light-emitting diodes
Intrinsically stretchable light-emitting diodes were developed by designing constituent materials to be mechanically stretchable.
- Glucocorticoid counteracts cellular mechanoresponses by LINC01569-dependent glucocorticoid receptor–mediated mRNA decay
Glucocorticoid counteracts cellular mechanoresponses by a novel lncRNA-dependent mRNA decay machinery.
Editorial
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Prosocial behavior, in which individuals voluntarily perform actions intended to benefit others, is considered central to human social abilities and has been previously investigated in chimpanzees through numerous studies. However, many of these experiments have taken place indoors and with chimpanzee pairs selected by humans rather than by the apes themselves. To study chimpanzee prosocial behavior under more natural circumstances, van Leeuwen et al. observed three chimpanzee groups (consisting of 11, 25, and 44 members) in an outdoor Zambian sanctuary equipped with a button that activated a juice fountain in the enclosure beyond the pusher's reach. They observed that chimpanzees in all groups pushed the button more frequently and for longer durations as the experiment progressed, indicating that the chimpanzees were willing to act purely for the benefit of other group members. However, the researchers also observed that more members benefited per button push in some groups than in others. Since the fewest members benefited per button push in the medium-sized group, the authors conclude that these differences were not merely tied to group size, noting that each group's prosocial patterns corresponded with the group's social tolerance level. [CREDIT: CLARA DUBOIS AT CHIMFUNSHI WILDLIFE ORPHANAGE TRUST, ZAMBIA]
