Contents
May 2020
Vol 6, Issue 22
Vol 6, Issue 22
Contents
Research Articles
- Adverse effects of electronic cigarettes on the disease-naive oral microbiome
E-cigarettes increase risk for oral diseases by shifting health-compatible ecosystems to virulence-rich communities.
- A versatile depigmentation, clearing, and labeling method for exploring nervous system diversity
A tailored protocol combines pigment removal with clearing, facilitating labeling and whole-body imaging across phylogeny.
- Structural basis of broad HIV neutralization by a vaccine-induced cow antibody
Structure and mutagenesis studies show that a potent vaccine-elicited cow bnAb binds with a compact footprint to HIV gp120 CD4bs.
- Three-dimensional DNA tweezers serve as modular DNA intelligent machines for detection and regulation of intracellular microRNA
Modular DNA intelligent machines for detection and regulation of intracellular microRNAs.
- De novo design of functional zwitterionic biomimetic material for immunomodulation
An innovative biomimetic polymer integrates zwitterionic non-fouling properties with immunomodulatory functionality.
- UV-B radiation was the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary terrestrial extinction kill mechanism
A brief UV-B burst, during a climatic warming interval, collapsed the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary terrestrial ecosystem.
- Hydrous oceanic crust hosts megathrust creep at low shear stresses
Hydration allows subducting oceanic crust to be far weaker than previously recognized.
- Single-molecule transport kinetics of a glutamate transporter homolog shows static disorder
Single-molecule detection of transport turnovers shows a distribution of rates with fast transporters favored by mutations.
- Efficient communication over complex dynamical networks: The role of matrix non-normality
Non-normal networks efficiently spread information in the face of interference between successive transmissions and readout noise.
- Optothermotronic effect as an ultrasensitive thermal sensing technology for solid-state electronics
Optothermotronics enable a giant temperature coefficient of resistance using optoelectronic modulation of electric potential.
- Probing the hydrothermal system of the Chicxulub impact crater
The Chicxulub impact event generated a long-duration hydrothermal system suitable for microbial life.
- Monocyte-derived multipotent cell delivered programmed therapeutics to reverse idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
This study presents the cell-mediated drug-loaded nanoparticle strategy for selective drugs delivery to treat lung fibrosis.
- Same father, same face: Deep learning reveals selection for signaling kinship in a wild primate
Using artificial intelligence, we show that facial resemblance has been kin-selected to signal paternal kinship in a primate.
- Manipulating metals for adaptive thermal camouflage
Adaptive thermal camouflage devices based on manipulating metals show multiple and excellent camouflaging capabilities.
- Unsupervised experience with temporal continuity of the visual environment is causally involved in the development of V1 complex cells
Unsupervised learning of visual temporal statistics drives postnatal development of position invariance in visual cortex.
- RNA binding protein PCBP1 is an intracellular immune checkpoint for shaping T cell responses in cancer immunity
RNA binding protein PCBP1 guards effector and antitumor T cell functions.
- Transmission dynamics of and insights from the 2018–2019 measles outbreak in New York City: A modeling study
We model the recent measles outbreak in New York City and discuss potential public health strategies to prevent future outbreaks.
- A biomimetic platelet based on assembling peptides initiates artificial coagulation
A biomimetic platelet based on assembling peptides initiates artificial coagulation for tumor therapy.
- Phenotype stability under dynamic brain-tumor environment stimuli maps glioblastoma progression in patients
The dynamic stability of a tumor phenotype accounts for differences in patient survival that static measures cannot fully capture.
- Mre11 exonuclease activity removes the chain-terminating nucleoside analog gemcitabine from the nascent strand during DNA replication
Mre11 exonuclease activity removes gemcitabine from the nascent strand during DNA replication.
- Reconstructing the time since death using noninvasive thermometry and numerical analysis
Numerical modeling of postmortem body temperature allows reconstruction of the time since death for criminal investigations.
- Connecting heterogeneous quantum networks by hybrid entanglement swapping
A hybrid entanglement swapping protocol enables the connection of quantum nodes with different optical encodings.
- Feature-rich covalent stains for super-resolution and cleared tissue fluorescence microscopy
FLARE enables rapid, feature-rich stains of chemical groups in biological samples for super-resolution and cleared tissue imaging.
- Elucidating ecological complexity: Unsupervised learning determines global marine eco-provinces
Global marine eco-provinces are determined toward tackling complexity and to explore community structure using unsupervised ML.
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates carry mutational signatures of host immune environments
Massive single-colony sequencing revealed that mutation rates varied between different bacilli from the same patient.
- Size-dependent influence of NOx on the growth rates of organic aerosol particles
NOx is important for particle growth as it can participate in HOM formation and alter the HOM volatility distribution.
- ASPM-lexical tone association in speakers of a tone language: Direct evidence for the genetic-biasing hypothesis of language evolution
A link between ASPM gene and tone feature provides direct evidence for the genetic-biasing hypothesis of language evolution.
- A transcriptional roadmap for 2C-like–to–pluripotent state transition
The reversal of 2-cell–like state in mESCs involves an intermediate state and is driven by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay of Dux.
- Ancient genome-wide DNA from France highlights the complexity of interactions between Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and Neolithic farmers
Shedding light on first encounters between late hunter-gatherers and early farmers in western Europe.
- Oncoprotein SND1 hijacks nascent MHC-I heavy chain to ER-associated degradation, leading to impaired CD8+ T cell response in tumor
Oncoprotein SND1 induces ER-associated degradation for nascent MHC-I heavy chain, leading to impaired CD8+ T cell response in tumor.
- Liquid seal for compact micropiston actuation at the capillary tip
Liquid/gas surface tension seals a 3D printed pneumatic microactuator at the tip of a 140-μm flexible capillary.
- A caveolin binding motif in Na/K-ATPase is required for stem cell differentiation and organogenesis in mammals and C. elegans
Caveolin binding motif of Na/K-ATPase is essential for mammals and C. elegans organogenesis.
- Generation of self-organized sensory ganglion organoids and retinal ganglion cells from fibroblasts
Generation of sensory ganglion organoids and retinal ganglion cells from fibroblasts for research and therapeutic applications.
- Chemotaxis strategies of bacteria with multiple run modes
Bacteria exhibit distinct swim modes, thereby facilitating robust and efficient chemotaxis performance in complex habitats.
- Reducing the aerosol forcing uncertainty using observational constraints on warm rain processes
Observations of cloud processes can reduce aerosol forcing uncertainty by constraining parameterizations in climate models.
- Sequentially addressable dielectrophoretic array for high-throughput sorting of large-volume biological compartments
High-throughput large-droplet sorting is demonstrated by an array of sequentially addressable dielectrophoretic sources.
- Cross-plane transport in a single-molecule two-dimensional van der Waals heterojunction
The cross-plane charge transport is demonstrated in single-molecule two-dimensional van der Waals heterojunctions.
- Physiology-forward identification of bile acid–sensitive vomeronasal receptors
A GCaMP6-based ligand-receptor screen identified five bile acid receptors in the mouse vomeronasal organ.
- Temporal pressure enhanced topical drug delivery through micropore formation
Temporal pressure improves transdermal drug delivery of molecules and nanoparticles via micropore formation.
- High mantle seismic P-wave speeds as a signature for gravitational spreading of superplumes
High mantle P-wave speeds beneath oceanic plateaus define a new strain fabric indicative of flow in the head of a superplume.
- Treatment of severe sepsis with nanoparticulate cell-free DNA scavengers
Cationic nanoparticles ameliorate severe sepsis progression through scavenging cell-free DNA.
- Extremely brilliant GeV γ-rays from a two-stage laser-plasma accelerator
A novel scheme of staged laser-plasma accelerators produces extremely brilliant γ-rays with photon energies up to GeV level.
- From asymmetrical to balanced genomic diversification during rediploidization: Subgenomic evolution in allotetraploid fish
Allotetraploid cyprinids have a unique strategy for balancing subgenomic stabilization and diversification in rediploidization.
- Deep slab seismicity limited by rate of deformation in the transition zone
Similar to earthquakes at Earth’s surface, deep earthquakes occur where sinking tectonic plates deform the fastest.
- Korean Genome Project: 1094 Korean personal genomes with clinical information
The initial phase of the Korean Genome Project (Korea1K) releases 1094 whole genomes, along with data of 79 clinical traits.
- Discovery of direct-acting antiviral agents with a graphene-based fluorescent nanosensor
We report a novel high-throughput screening tool for drug discovery of direct-acting antiviral agents against RNA viruses.
- Kilohertz electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of single nitrogen centers at zero magnetic field
The spectral resolution can be substantially improved by using magnetic noise–resistant subspace of spin systems.
- Mfsd2a and Spns2 are essential for sphingosine-1-phosphate transport in the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier
Mfsd2a and S1P regulate the BBB and the delivery of neurological drugs in the CNS.
- Neutrophil extracellular traps exacerbate neurological deficits after traumatic brain injury
Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps worsens cerebrovascular outcomes after traumatic brain injury.
- Platelet-derived porous nanomotor for thrombus therapy
Nanorobots with two drugs can penetrate deep inside thrombus, providing an idea for thrombus therapy.
- Surface waves control bacterial attachment and formation of biofilms in thin layers
Wave-controlled transport in fluid provides a novel method to shape and promote biofilm formation for bioengineering applications.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Six percent of Americans—including about 2.5 million high-schoolers—use electronic cigarettes. While these e-cigarettes contain potentially toxic substances, including volatile organic compounds and metals, much remains unknown about their long-term effects on human health. In the first ever human study on how e-cigarettes impact oral health, Ganesan et al. combined microbial analysis with clinical metadata and machine learning algorithms to identify biomarkers associated with their use. The researchers found that when 20 adults used e-cigarettes for 3 months or less, the characteristics of healthy bacteria in their mouths rapidly changed. These bacteria were soon cloaked in a biofilm layer that prevented the body from recognizing them as non-harmful. Although the e-cigarette users in the study appeared outwardly healthy, evidence suggests they had begun to experience molecular-level changes in their oral microbiome that are usually associated with gum disease. These results open the door to further e-cigarette research and call into question claims that e-cigarettes are safe. [CREDIT: MUHAMMAD OWAIS KHAN/GETTY IMAGES]
