Contents
October 2020
Vol 6, Issue 43
Vol 6, Issue 43
Contents
Research Articles
- Reaction of H2 with mitochondria-relevant metabolites using a multifunctional molecular catalyst
Iridium complexes remove H2O from and deliver electrons (hydrogen atoms) to Krebs-cycle metabolites to make them energy-rich.
- The age of Clovis—13,050 to 12,750 cal yr B.P.
The Clovis complex dates from 13,050 to 12,750 cal yr B.P. during a time of major environmental change.
- Nonadjacent dependency processing in monkeys, apes, and humans
Artificial grammar experiments show that marmosets and chimpanzees can process nonadjacent decencies, a key feature of human language.
- Ångstrom-scale silver particle–embedded carbomer gel promotes wound healing by inhibiting bacterial colonization and inflammation
L-AgÅPs-gel represents a highly effective and safe antibacterial and anti-inflammatory material for promoting wound healing.
- Electrically compensated, tattoo-like electrodes for epidermal electrophysiology at scale
We demonstrate sizable, unencapsulated e-tattoos with transformable serpentine design and Cartan curve–inspired transfer.
- Common insecticide disrupts aquatic communities: A mesocosm-to-field ecological risk assessment of fipronil and its degradates in U.S. streams
Study shows that a common insecticide frequently detected in U.S. streams is more toxic than previously thought.
- Dynamic brain-to-brain concordance and behavioral mirroring as a mechanism of the patient-clinician interaction
Brain activity concordance between patients and clinicians supports therapeutic alliance and treatment relief of pain.
- Protecting hot carriers by tuning hybrid perovskite structures with alkali cations
A small amount of alkali metals goes a long way toward improving hybrid perovskites for hot carrier solar cells.
- The structural basis for Z α1-antitrypsin polymerization in the liver
α1-Antitrypsin polymers from human tissue have a structure most consistent with an intermolecular C-terminal domain swap.
- Urbanization and market integration have strong, nonlinear effects on cardiometabolic health in the Turkana
Turkana pastoralists who move to cities exhibit poor cardiometabolic health, consistent with evolutionary mismatch.
- Seabird establishment during regional cooling drove a terrestrial ecosystem shift 5000 years ago
Seabirds altered coastal grassland productivity and the fire regime in the Falkland Islands during regional cooling.
- Endogenous retroviruses drive KRAB zinc-finger protein family expression for tumor suppression
The derepression of HERVs in tumors leads to the up-regulation of hundreds of KZFPs, which are potential tumor suppressors.
- RING1B recruits EWSR1-FLI1 and cooperates in the remodeling of chromatin necessary for Ewing sarcoma tumorigenesis
RING1B is necessary for the expression of key EWSR1-FLI1 targets by promoting oncogene recruitment to enhancers.
- The FAM171A2 gene is a key regulator of progranulin expression and modifies the risk of multiple neurodegenerative diseases
The FAM171A2 gene is a key regulator of progranulin expression and modifies the risk of multiple neurodegenerative diseases.
- Decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds identify full-length collagen VI as a driver of breast cancer cell invasion in obesity and metastasis
Collagen VI, an ECM protein up-regulated in triple-negative breast cancer and obese individuals, drives breast cancer metastasis.
- Directly observing intracellular nanoparticle formation with nanocomputed tomography
Nanoparticle formation of an iodinated small molecule inside cells was directly observed with nanocomputed tomography.
- A quasi-paired cohort strategy reveals the impaired detoxifying function of microbes in the gut of autistic children
Impairment in gut microbial detoxification is correlated with mitochondrial dysfunction and disease severity in autistic children.
- A shared neural substrate for action verbs and observed actions in human posterior parietal cortex
A shared neural substrate for action verbs and visually observed actions suggests sensory-motor contributions to language meaning.
- Mechanistic basis of oxygen sensitivity in titanium
A systematic study of Ti-O alloys reveals the mechanism behind acute oxygen sensitivity in titanium.
- VGLL4 promotes osteoblast differentiation by antagonizing TEADs-inhibited Runx2 transcription
VGLL4 relieves TEADs-mediated RUNX2 transcriptional inhibition by impairing TEADs-RUNX2 interaction.
- A continuous pathway for fresh water along the East Greenland shelf
The East Greenland Coastal Current connects fresh water from the arctic to the subpolar North Atlantic.
- HSB-1/HSF-1 pathway modulates histone H4 in mitochondria to control mtDNA transcription and longevity
HSB-1/HSF-1 modulates longevity and mitochondrial function by mediating histone H4-dependent regulation of mtDNA gene expression.
- Model uncertainty, political contestation, and public trust in science: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic
Communications engaging uncertainty in COVID-19 research affect public trust in science and support for science-based policy.
- Mycobacterial EST12 activates a RACK1–NLRP3–gasdermin D pyroptosis–IL-1β immune pathway
EST12/Rv1579c activates a RACK1–NLRP3–GSDMD pyroptosis–IL-1β immune pathway to increase mycobacterial clearance.
- Absence of ice-bonded permafrost beneath an Arctic lagoon revealed by electrical geophysics
Geophysical measurements reveal an extensive unfrozen zone underneath an Arctic lagoon extending to beneath the tundra.
- MCART1/SLC25A51 is required for mitochondrial NAD transport
We demystify how mitochondria obtain NAD, revealing that MCART1/SCL25A51 is required for NAD transport into mitochondria.
- Regulation of chaperone function by coupled folding and oligomerization
Trimeric chaperone Skp activates by an unprecedented mechanism, with folding from a disordered state coupled to trimerization.
- Slowing down of dynamics and orientational order preceding crystallization in hard-sphere systems
Dynamics in dense hard-sphere systems close to crystallization and vitrification is governed by their orientational order.
- Targeted sequence design within the coarse-grained polymer genome
Coarse-grained modeling, machine learning, and optimization enable efficient design of polymers with target properties.
- Sexual dimorphism in the meiotic requirement for PRDM9: A mammalian evolutionary safeguard
Sex-specific modulation of a meiotic DNA damage checkpoint limits the requirement for PRDM9 in mammalian fertility.
- Supramolecular nanosubstrate–mediated delivery system enables CRISPR-Cas9 knockin of hemoglobin beta gene for hemoglobinopathies
CRISPR-Cas9 knockin of the HBB gene paves the way for a general therapeutic solution for treating hemoglobinopathies.
- Discovery and mechanism of a pH-dependent dual-binding-site switch in the interaction of a pair of protein modules
A pH-dependent dual-binding-site switch in a pair of protein modules is discovered, and the molecular mechanism is elucidated.
- CD1d1 intrinsic signaling in macrophages controls NLRP3 inflammasome expression during inflammation
iGB3/CD1d1 determines the severity of DSS-colitis through inhibiting Nlrp3, Il1b, and Il18 transcription in macrophages.
- Versatile phenotype-activated cell sorting
Versatile high-throughput method can isolate single cells based on spatiotemporal phenotypes.
- Single-shot 3D wide-field fluorescence imaging with a Computational Miniature Mesoscope
Computational Miniature Mesoscope enables single-shot large-scale 3D fluorescence imaging with single-cell level resolution.
- Observation of nonreciprocal magnetophonon effect in nonencapsulated few-layered CrI3
A new nonreciprocal magnetophonon Raman scattering effect is found in two-dimensional ferromagnetic few-layer CrI3.
- Increased ecological resource variability during a critical transition in hominin evolution
Adaptations characteristic of early Homo sapiens prevailed during a shift to unstable environment and less predictable resources.
- Natural polymorphism of Ym1 regulates pneumonitis through alternative activation of macrophages
Ym1 polymorphism regulates alternative activation of macrophages leading to variable susceptibility to inflammatory diseases.
- Integrated proteomics reveals brain-based cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in asymptomatic and symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease
Integrative proteomic analysis identifies CSF biomarker panels linked to brain-based pathophysiologies in Alzheimer’s disease.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER While fluorescence imaging is an essential tool for biologists and neuroscientists, conventional microscopes and miniscopes (used to image freely behaving animals) have been constrained by limited space-bandwidth product, shallow depth-of-field, and inability to resolve 3D distributed emitters. To overcome these limitations, Xue et al. developed a Computational Miniature Mesoscope (CM2). This light, compact mesoscope integrates both a microlens array for imaging and an LED array for excitation within the same platform, allowing the device to perform single-shot 3D imaging across an 8 × 7-mm2 field-of-view and 2.5-mm depth-of-field. The CM2 provides at least a 10 times field of view gain and a 100 times depth-of-field improvement over existing miniscopes. Xue et al. tested the device using volumetrically distributed fluorescent beads and fibers and used phantom experiments to measure the effects of bulk scattering and background fluorescence. The researchers suggest this mesoscope may be useful for a wide range of applications in biomedicine and 3D neural recording. [CREDIT: XUE ET AL./SCIENCE ADVANCES]
