Contents
July 2021
Vol 7, Issue 30
Vol 7, Issue 30
Focus
Neuroscience
- FUS-ALS mutants alter FMRP phase separation equilibrium and impair protein translation
Cytoplasmic mislocalization of FUS-ALS mutants determines aberrant FMRP condensates and protein synthesis repression.
- Multiregional profiling of the brain transmembrane proteome uncovers novel regulators of depression
In-depth profiling of transmembrane proteins in the brain leads to the identification of GPCR regulators in a disease model.
- Local IP3 receptor–mediated Ca2+ signals compound to direct blood flow in brain capillaries
Brain capillary calcium signaling controls blood flow.
- Global waves synchronize the brain’s functional systems with fluctuating arousal
Traveling waves spatiotemporally organize brain-wide activity in synchrony with ongoing arousal fluctuations.
- Comment on “Nonadjacent dependency processing in monkeys, apes, and humans”
Evidence shows that animals match humans when learning sound patterns but not sentence patterns.
- Reply to comment on “Nonadjacent dependency processing in monkeys, apes, and humans”
Processing predictive relationships in sequential auditory input is a core capacity allowing for the emergence of syntax.
- X-ray videocystometry for high-speed monitoring of urinary tract function in mice
Videocystometry, combining x-ray and cystometry, provides unprecedented details on urinary tract function in rodents.
- Dichotomous dopaminergic and noradrenergic neural states mediate distinct aspects of exploitative behavioral states
Sustained dopaminergic and noradrenergic dynamics independently modulate action drive and diversity during exploitative behavior.
- Intrasaccadic motion streaks jump-start gaze correction
Rapid eye movements entail retinal motion streaks that provide spatiotemporal continuity of objects and guide gaze correction.
Earth, Environmental, Ecological, and Space Sciences
- Ignitions explain more than temperature or precipitation in driving Santa Ana wind fires
Temperature and precipitation play less of a role in predicting area burned compared to wind speed and number of ignitions.
- Strong isotope effect in the VUV photodissociation of HOD: A possible origin of D/H isotope heterogeneity in the solar nebula
Photodissociation of HOD reveals strong isotope effects in quantum state population distributions and branching ratios.
- The developmental biology of Charnia and the eumetazoan affinity of the Ediacaran rangeomorphs
Rangeomorphs represent a long-extinct group of eumetazoans with a bodyplan unlike anything alive today.
Physical and Materials Sciences
- Conformation-modulated three-dimensional electrocatalysts for high-performance fuel cell electrodes
3D customized Pt nanoarchitecture realizes large surface area and porosity for excellent performance and durability in fuel cells.
- Fingerprinting diverse nanoporous materials for optimal hydrogen storage conditions using meta-learning
A meta-learning model predicts the optimal hydrogen storage conditions and selects from a diverse set of nanoporous materials.
- An integrated giant polyoxometalate complex for photothermally enhanced catalytic oxidation
A polyoxometalate cluster integrating a photothermal and catalytic center is used to synergistically enhance olefin oxidation.
- New mechanism and exact theory of superconductivity from strong repulsive interaction
A mechanism for pairing in purely repulsive Fermi systems is developed, leading to unconventional superconducting behaviors.
- Graphene-mediated ferromagnetic coupling in the nickel nano-islands/graphene hybrid
An ideal 2D ferromagnetism is formed in the Ni nano-islands/graphene hybrid via graphene-mediated ferromagnetic coupling.
- Digital light processing of liquid crystal elastomers for self-sensing artificial muscles
Digital light processing 3D prints liquid crystal elastomers for artificial muscle-like actuation and optomechanical self-sensing.
- Layer-engineered interlayer excitons
Long valley polarization lifetime and tunable photoluminescence have been realized for interlayer excitons by layer engineering.
Biomedicine and Life Sciences
- Disorganization and degeneration of liver sympathetic innervations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease revealed by 3D imaging
3D imaging reveals gradual degeneration of liver sympathetic nerves in human and experimental nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
- Cryo-EM structure of the human ELMO1-DOCK5-Rac1 complex
Rac1-bound structure and mutagenesis of the ELMO1-DOCK5 complex provide insights into how ELMO modulates DOCK activity.
- Linking the FTO obesity rs1421085 variant circuitry to cellular, metabolic, and organismal phenotypes in vivo
The obesity-linked FTO regulatory circuitry shows cross-species molecular, cellular, metabolic, and organismal conservation.
- Human tumor microenvironment chip evaluates the consequences of platelet extravasation and combinatorial antitumor-antiplatelet therapy in ovarian cancer
A tumor microenvironment chip reveals how platelets may fuel cancer metastasis and chemoresistance and unravels a new treatment.
- Nuclear NAD+ homeostasis governed by NMNAT1 prevents apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia stem cells
Nuclear NAD+ homeostasis governed by NMNAT1 prevents apoptosis in AML stem cells by suppressing p53.
- A variable-gain stochastic pooling motif mediates information transfer from receptor assemblies into NF-κB
A variable-gain stochastic pooling motif mediates robust and parsimonious information transmission from the extracellular milieu.
- Genomic signatures of the unjamming transition in compressed human bronchial epithelial cells
Temporal RNA-seq data reveal genomic signatures of the unjamming transition in compressed human bronchial epithelial cells.
- Intercellular coupling between peripheral circadian oscillators by TGF-β signaling
Paracrine TGF-β signaling is crucial to maintain robust and coherent circadian rhythms of peripheral oscillator networks.
- A molecular sensor for cholesterol in the human serotonin1A receptor
Serotonin1A receptor senses membrane cholesterol via a lysine residue in a CRAC motif in transmembrane helix 2.
- Fxr signaling and microbial metabolism of bile salts in the zebrafish intestine
Genetic analysis in zebrafish reveals conserved and novel aspects of nuclear receptor Fxr function and bile salt signaling.
- A malaria parasite phospholipid flippase safeguards midgut traversal of ookinetes for mosquito transmission
A malaria parasite plasma membrane phospholipid flippase protects ookinetes in mosquito midgut epithelium for transmission.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in which liver fat accumulates in people who drink little or no alcohol, is the most common liver disorder. While the disease often does not show symptoms, in about 30% of cases it develops into a severe condition that negatively impacts quality of life. To examine the integrity of the hepatic nervous system in different stages of NAFLD, Adori et al. studied transgenic mouse lines and human liver biopsy tissues using light sheet microscopy, various molecular techniques, and tissue clearing and volume (3D) immuno-imaging technology—a significant advance over traditional visualization of hepatic nerves using 2D imaging. They found dramatic neurodegenerative changes in the sympathetic/noradrenergic innervation, with increasing severity related with fat accumulation and greater inflammation. These findings may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for treating NAFLD. [CREDIT: ADORI ET AL/SCIENCE ADVANCES]
