Research ArticlePARASITOLOGY
Co-infections determine patterns of mortality in a population exposed to parasite infection
- Mark E. J. Woolhouse1,*,
- Samuel M. Thumbi1,2,
- Amy Jennings3,4,
- Margo Chase-Topping1,
- Rebecca Callaby1,5,
- Henry Kiara6,
- Marinda C. Oosthuizen7,
- Mary N. Mbole-Kariuki6,8,
- Ilana Conradie7,
- Ian G. Handel3,4,
- E. Jane Poole6,
- Evalyne Njiiri6,
- Nicola E. Collins7,
- Gemma Murray1,†,
- Miika Tapio9,
- Olga Tosas Auguet1,
- Willie Weir10,
- W. Ivan Morrison3,4,
- Loeske E. B. Kruuk1,11,
- B. Mark de C. Bronsvoort3,4,
- Olivier Hanotte8,
- Koos Coetzer7 and
- Philip G. Toye6
- 1Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.
- 2Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164–7090, USA.
- 3Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, The Roslin Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
- 4The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, The Roslin Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
- 5The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK.
- 6International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
- 7Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
- 8School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
- 9Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Green technology, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
- 10Henry Wellcome Building, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Garscube Campus, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
- 11Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.
- ↵*Corresponding author. E-mail: mark.woolhouse{at}ed.ac.uk
↵† Present address: Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.
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Science Advances 20 Mar 2015:
Vol. 1, no. 2, e1400026
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1400026
Vol. 1, no. 2, e1400026
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1400026
Mark E. J. Woolhouse
Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.
Samuel M. Thumbi
Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164–7090, USA.
Amy Jennings
Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, The Roslin Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, The Roslin Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
Margo Chase-Topping
Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.
Rebecca Callaby
Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK.
Henry Kiara
International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
Marinda C. Oosthuizen
Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
Mary N. Mbole-Kariuki
International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Ilana Conradie
Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
Ian G. Handel
Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, The Roslin Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, The Roslin Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
E. Jane Poole
International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
Evalyne Njiiri
International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
Nicola E. Collins
Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
Gemma Murray
Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.
Miika Tapio
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Green technology, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
Olga Tosas Auguet
Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.
Willie Weir
Henry Wellcome Building, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Garscube Campus, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
W. Ivan Morrison
Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, The Roslin Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, The Roslin Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
Loeske E. B. Kruuk
Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.
B. Mark de C. Bronsvoort
Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, The Roslin Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, The Roslin Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
Olivier Hanotte
School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Koos Coetzer
Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
Philip G. Toye
International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
