ReviewPRIMATOLOGY
Impending extinction crisis of the world’s primates: Why primates matter
- View ORCID ProfileAlejandro Estrada1,*,
- View ORCID ProfilePaul A. Garber2,*,
- Anthony B. Rylands3,
- View ORCID ProfileChristian Roos4,
- View ORCID ProfileEduardo Fernandez-Duque5,
- View ORCID ProfileAnthony Di Fiore6,
- View ORCID ProfileK. Anne-Isola Nekaris7,
- View ORCID ProfileVincent Nijman7,
- View ORCID ProfileEckhard W. Heymann8,
- View ORCID ProfileJoanna E. Lambert9,
- Francesco Rovero10,
- Claudia Barelli10,
- Joanna M. Setchell11,
- Thomas R. Gillespie12,
- Russell A. Mittermeier3,
- Luis Verde Arregoitia13,
- Miguel de Guinea7,
- View ORCID ProfileSidney Gouveia14,
- View ORCID ProfileRicardo Dobrovolski15,
- Sam Shanee16,17,
- Noga Shanee16,17,
- Sarah A. Boyle18,
- Agustin Fuentes19,
- View ORCID ProfileKatherine C. MacKinnon20,
- View ORCID ProfileKatherine R. Amato21,
- Andreas L. S. Meyer22,
- Serge Wich23,24,
- Robert W. Sussman25,
- Ruliang Pan26,
- Inza Kone27 and
- View ORCID ProfileBaoguo Li28
- 1Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 2Department of Anthropology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- 3Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA.
- 4Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- 5Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
- 6Department of Anthropology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78705, USA.
- 7Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, U.K.
- 8Abteilung Verhaltensökologie und Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- 9Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1350 Pleasant Street UCB 233, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
- 10Tropical Biodiversity Section, MUSE—Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38122 Trento, Italy.
- 11Department of Anthropology, and Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
- 12Departments of Environmental Sciences and Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 400 Dowman Drive, Math and Science Center, Suite E510, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- 13Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, CH-3005 Bern, Switzerland.
- 14Department of Ecology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil.
- 15Department of Zoology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-290, Brazil.
- 16Neotropical Primate Conservation, 23 Portland Road, Manchester M32 0PH, U.K.
- 17Asociación Neotropical Primate Conservation Perú, 1187 Avenida Belaunde, La Esperanza, Yambrasbamba, Bongará, Amazonas, Peru.
- 18Department of Biology, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA.
- 19Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
- 20Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
- 21Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, 1810 Hinman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- 22Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, C.P. 19020, Curitiba, PR 81531-990, Brazil.
- 23School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K.
- 24Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- 25Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
- 26School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia (M309), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
- 27Centre Suisse des Recherches Scientifiques, Université de Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
- 28Xi’an Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229, Taibai North Road, Xi’an 710069, China.
- ↵*Corresponding author. Email: aestradaprimates{at}gmail.com (A.E.); p-garber{at}illinois.edu (P.A.G.)
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Science Advances 18 Jan 2017:
Vol. 3, no. 1, e1600946
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600946
Vol. 3, no. 1, e1600946
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600946
Alejandro Estrada
1Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
Paul A. Garber
2Department of Anthropology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Anthony B. Rylands
3Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA.
Christian Roos
4Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Eduardo Fernandez-Duque
5Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
Anthony Di Fiore
6Department of Anthropology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78705, USA.
K. Anne-Isola Nekaris
7Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, U.K.
Vincent Nijman
7Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, U.K.
Eckhard W. Heymann
8Abteilung Verhaltensökologie und Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Joanna E. Lambert
9Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1350 Pleasant Street UCB 233, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Francesco Rovero
10Tropical Biodiversity Section, MUSE—Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38122 Trento, Italy.
Claudia Barelli
10Tropical Biodiversity Section, MUSE—Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38122 Trento, Italy.
Joanna M. Setchell
11Department of Anthropology, and Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
Thomas R. Gillespie
12Departments of Environmental Sciences and Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 400 Dowman Drive, Math and Science Center, Suite E510, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Russell A. Mittermeier
3Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA.
Luis Verde Arregoitia
13Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, CH-3005 Bern, Switzerland.
Miguel de Guinea
7Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, U.K.
Sidney Gouveia
14Department of Ecology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil.
Ricardo Dobrovolski
15Department of Zoology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-290, Brazil.
Sam Shanee
16Neotropical Primate Conservation, 23 Portland Road, Manchester M32 0PH, U.K.
17Asociación Neotropical Primate Conservation Perú, 1187 Avenida Belaunde, La Esperanza, Yambrasbamba, Bongará, Amazonas, Peru.
Noga Shanee
16Neotropical Primate Conservation, 23 Portland Road, Manchester M32 0PH, U.K.
17Asociación Neotropical Primate Conservation Perú, 1187 Avenida Belaunde, La Esperanza, Yambrasbamba, Bongará, Amazonas, Peru.
Sarah A. Boyle
18Department of Biology, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA.
Agustin Fuentes
19Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
Katherine C. MacKinnon
20Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
Katherine R. Amato
21Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, 1810 Hinman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Andreas L. S. Meyer
22Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, C.P. 19020, Curitiba, PR 81531-990, Brazil.
Serge Wich
23School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K.
24Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Robert W. Sussman
25Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Ruliang Pan
26School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia (M309), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
Inza Kone
27Centre Suisse des Recherches Scientifiques, Université de Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
Baoguo Li
28Xi’an Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229, Taibai North Road, Xi’an 710069, China.
