Fig. 3 Water uptake and proton conductivity. Humidity dependence at 80°C of (A) water uptake and (B) proton conductivity of PEMs. The IEC values (mmol g−1) in parentheses were determined by acid base titration. Fenton’s test was conducted by immersing the membrane in Fenton’s solution (aqueous solution containing 3% H2O2 and 2 ppm Fe2+) at 80°C for 1 hour. The solid lines are guides for the eye.
Fig. 5 Oxidative stability test (Fenton’s test). Remaining weight (W), molecular weight (Mw), and IEC of the reference SPP-bl-1 (3.0 mmol g−1) and SPP-QP (2.4 mmol g−1) membranes after the Fenton’s test (aqueous solution containing 3% H2O2 and 2 ppm Fe2+, 80°C, 1 hour). The second Fenton’s test of the first tested SPP-QP membrane was conducted, and the results are depicted as SPP-QP (twice). All IECs were determined by acid base titration. The chemical structure of the reference SPP-bl-1 copolymer is shown in fig. S9 (27).
Fig. 6 Fuel cell performance and durability (OCV hold test). IR-included H2/O2 polarization curves (solid symbols) and ohmic resistances (open symbols) of the SPP-QP cell (IEC = 2.6 mmol g−1) at 80°C under humidity conditions of (A) 100% RH and (B) 30% RH. (C) Changes in the cell voltage (solid symbols) and ohmic resistance (open symbols) of the SPP-QP cell (IEC = 2.6 mmol g−1) at 80°C and 30% RH (H2/air).
Supplementary Materials
Supplementary material for this article is available at http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/3/10/eaao0476/DC1
fig. S1. Synthesis of QP monomer.
fig. S2. NMR assignment of 3,3″-dibromo-para-terphenyl.
fig. S3. NMR assignment of QP monomer.
fig. S4. 1H NMR assignment of SPP-QP (titrated IEC = 2.4 mmol g−1) copolymer.
fig. S5. Morphology of SPP-QP (titrated IEC = 2.4 mmol g−1) membrane.
fig. S6. SAXS profile.
fig. S7. Number of absorbed water molecules per sulfonic acid group (λ).
fig. S8. Stress versus strain curves.
fig. S9. Chemical structure of the SPP-bl-1 copolymer.
fig. S10. Hydrogen and oxygen permeability.
fig. S11. Membrane durability and flexibility.
fig. S12. The effect of the OCV hold test on the molecular structure of the SPP-QP membrane (IEC = 2.6 mmol g−1).
Mathematica Notebook
Additional Files
Supplementary Materials
This PDF file includes:
- fig. S1. Synthesis of QP monomer.
- fig. S2. NMR assignment of 3,3″-dibromo-para-terphenyl.
- fig. S3. NMR assignment of QP monomer.
- fig. S4. 1H NMR assignment of SPP-QP (titrated IEC = 2.4 mmol g−1) copolymer.
- fig. S5. Morphology of SPP-QP (titrated IEC = 2.4 mmol g−1) membrane.
- fig. S6. SAXS profile.
- fig. S7. Number of absorbed water molecules per sulfonic acid group (λ).
- fig. S8. Stress versus strain curves.
- fig. S9. Chemical structure of the SPP-bl-1 copolymer.
- fig. S10. Hydrogen and oxygen permeability.
- fig. S11. Membrane durability and flexibility.
- fig. S12. The effect of the OCV hold test on the molecular structure of the SPPQP
membrane (IEC = 2.6 mmol g−1).
- Mathematica Notebook
Files in this Data Supplement:
- fig. S1. Synthesis of QP monomer.
