Contents
November 2017
Vol 3, Issue 11
Vol 3, Issue 11
Contents
Research Articles
- Dust formation and wind acceleration around the aluminum oxide–rich AGB star W Hydrae
AlO and 29SiO distributions around W Hya showed that AlO efficiently forms dust and contributes to the wind acceleration.
- Na+-induced structural transition of MotPS for stator assembly of the Bacillus flagellar motor
We visualized the activation process of the MotPS complex of the Bacillus flagellar motor by high-speed atomic force microscopy.
- The abundance of metabolites related to protein methylation correlates with the metastatic capacity of human melanoma xenografts
Erasing histone H3 trimethylation marks suppresses the metastasis of human melanomas.
- Ultrafast magnetization reversal by picosecond electrical pulses
Magnetic switching is induced in 10 ps by electrical current pulses.
- K-Λ crossover transition in the conduction band of monolayer MoS2 under hydrostatic pressure
We experimentally demonstrate the direct-to-indirect bandgap transition of monolayer MoS2 under hydrostatic pressure.
- The changing hydrology of a dammed Amazon
We characterized the type and magnitude of hydrological changes brought about by existing dams across the Brazilian Legal Amazon.
- Adaptability as the key to success for the ubiquitous marine nitrite oxidizer Nitrococcus
A globally distributed yet previously overlooked marine nitrite oxidizer can reduce nitrate, produce N2O, and oxidize sulfide.
- Laboratory unraveling of matter accretion in young stars
When matter accretes onto a young star, a shell of dense material can form around the impact, reducing its x-ray emission.
- Competitive chiral induction in a 2D molecular assembly: Intrinsic chirality versus coadsorber-induced chirality
Chiral coadsorber overrules expression of intrinsic molecular chirality in 2D molecular assembly.
- Genomic models predict successful coral adaptation if future ocean warming rates are reduced
Population genomic simulations predict coral adaptation only under mitigated climate change scenarios.
- Giant positive magnetoresistance in half-metallic double-perovskite Sr2CrWO6 thin films
Ferrimagnetic half-metallic Sr2CrWO6 thin films show giant positive magnetoresistance up to 17,200%.
- A remote C–C bond cleavage–enabled skeletal reorganization: Access to medium-/large-sized cyclic alkenes
We report a radical-mediated skeletal reorganization for the synthesis of medium-/large-sized cyclic alkenes.
- The spin Nernst effect in tungsten
The spin Nernst effect, direct conversion of heat current to spin current, is observed in W/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures.
- Wind causes Totten Ice Shelf melt and acceleration
Wind upwells warm water from the deep ocean off the East Antarctic coast, leading to ice-shelf melt and glacier acceleration.
- Prior alcohol use enhances vulnerability to compulsive cocaine self-administration by promoting degradation of HDAC4 and HDAC5
Prior alcohol use increases vulnerability to cocaine addiction by promoting degradation of HDAC4 and HDAC5.
- Self-organization of helium precipitates into elongated channels within metal nanolayers
Helium bubbles in metals spontaneously form networks of interconnected channels.
- Complex dewetting scenarios of ultrathin silicon films for large-scale nanoarchitectures
Si-based nanoarchitectures are formed with unprecedented precision and reproducibility via templated dewetting of thin SOI.
- Ecological restoration success is higher for natural regeneration than for active restoration in tropical forests
Natural forest recovery is an effective ecological alternative to tree planting in tropical forests under certain conditions.
- Pushing the limits of photoreception in twilight conditions: The rod-like cone retina of the deep-sea pearlsides
Deep-sea fishes evolved an unconventional visual system to optimize vision in twilight conditions.
- Snowball Earth climate dynamics and Cryogenian geology-geobiology
We review recent observations and models concerning the dynamics of Cryogenian global glaciation and their biological consequences.
- ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids direct differentiation of the membrane phenotype in mesenchymal stem cells to potentiate osteogenesis
Dietary lipids change membrane phenotypes, which can be used to affect lineage specification in stem cells.
- Moiré excitons: From programmable quantum emitter arrays to spin-orbit–coupled artificial lattices
Moiré pattern realizes programmable array of excitonic quantum emitters and exciton lattice with strong spin-orbit coupling.
- A dual-mode textile for human body radiative heating and cooling
Dual-mode textiles made of nanoPE provide both cooling and heating, which helps humans adapt to larger temperature changes.
- Environmental controls on modern scleractinian coral and reef-scale calcification
In situ coral calcification was primarily controlled by temperature and relatively insensitive to seawater CO2 chemistry.
- Biodiversity recovery following delta-wide measures for flood risk reduction
We show that biodiversity recovery was successfully combined with flood risk reduction interventions at the river delta scale.
- Scanning wave photopolymerization enables dye-free alignment patterning of liquid crystals
Liquid crystals are 2D patterned with nonpolarized light by a new dye-free photoalignment method.
- Foot force models of crowd dynamics on a wobbly bridge
This study develops “crash test dummies” to help designers avoid their footbridges oscillating or bouncing alarmingly.
- Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to blood-brain barrier endothelial cells
We report a defined method for differentiating human pluripotent stem cells to brain endothelial cells.
- Rapid, directed transport of DC-SIGN clusters in the plasma membrane
Very rapid, directed movement of pathogen receptors in the plasma membrane is associated with MT close to the inner leaflet.
- Intraoceanic subduction spanned the Pacific in the Late Cretaceous–Paleocene
Intraoceanic subduction drove both the Pacific plate’s ~80- to 47-Ma northward motion and its redirection at ~47 Ma.
- Vocalizing in chimpanzees is influenced by social-cognitive processes
A study in wild chimpanzees shows that cognition-influenced vocalizing is not only a human trait but also occurs in chimpanzees.
- Strained hybrid perovskite thin films and their impact on the intrinsic stability of perovskite solar cells
Strain discovered in hybrid perovskite films made by existing methods affects perovskite solar cells’ intrinsic stability.
- Measuring quantitative effects of methylation on transcription factor–DNA binding affinity
We describe a new method for measuring the effects of epigenetic marks on protein-DNA interactions.
- Authorship and contribution disclosures
What do contribution statements on articles tell us that author order does not—and how can they be improved?
- Reactive oxygen species leave a damage trail that reveals water channels in Photosystem II
This study illuminates the locations of water channels within Photosystem II, a large membrane protein complex.
- Extreme enrichment in atmospheric 15N15N
Upper-atmospheric chemistry and biological N2 cycling engage in a planetary-scale tug-of-war seen in 15N15N of air.
- Two-dimensional limit of crystalline order in perovskite membrane films
A topological crystalline to amorphous phase transition predicted in 2D systems is observed in freestanding oxide films.
- Structural rearrangements governing Johari-Goldstein relaxations in metallic glasses
Atomistic simulations reveal that secondary relaxations in metallic glasses originate from string-like atomic motions.
- Should coastal planners have concern over where land ice is melting?
We show how coastal planners can use sea-level gradient fingerprints to inform mitigation efforts for their local port city.
- Ultrafast direct electron transfer at organic semiconductor and metal interfaces
Conformation-specific direct interfacial electron transfer is observed by the first ultrafast electric field–induced VSFG.
- Structural water as an essential comonomer in supramolecular polymerization
Water is an essential comonomer in a supramolecular polymer that is used as a recyclable, water-activated glue.
- Radiocarbon chronology of Manot Cave, Israel and Upper Paleolithic dispersals
Manot Cave radiocarbon dates establish Levantine chronology, which is critical for understanding Upper Paleolithic dispersals.
- Tailor-made temperature-dependent thermal conductivity via interparticle constriction
Mesostructuring and geometric constriction control the temperature-dependent thermal transport properties in granular matter.
- Human intestinal tract serves as an alternative infection route for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
Human intestinal tract as an alternative route to acquire MERS-CoV infection.
- A null mutation in SERPINE1 protects against biological aging in humans
Humans with a rare gene mutation in SERPINE1 live longer and show evidence of protection from aging-related morbidity.
- The Mediterranean Overflow in the Gulf of Cadiz: A rugged journey
Bathymetric features determine the internal structure of the Mediterranean outflow plume west of Gibraltar.
- Ultrafast dynamics of vibrational symmetry breaking in a charge-ordered nickelate
Terahertz pulses reveal the multiscale dynamics of the crystal symmetry upon melting and formation of atomic-scale stripes.
- Synthetic “smart gel” provides glucose-responsive insulin delivery in diabetic mice
A synthetic polymer gel–based insulin delivery device provides an artificial pancreas–like function in healthy and diabetic mice.
- Spatial and temporal seismic velocity changes on Kyushu Island during the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake
We mapped temporal seismic velocity variations during the Kumamoto earthquake due to fault rupture and a volcanic eruption.
- Seismic potential of weak, near-surface faults revealed at plate tectonic slip rates
Experimental shearing at plate rate speeds reveals slow slip events and earthquake potential on weak, shallow faults.
- Networks of global bird invasion altered by regional trade ban
European Union’s ban on trade in wild-caught birds both reduces and redistributes bird invasion risk globally.
- Artificially lit surface of Earth at night increasing in radiance and extent
Earth’s artificially lit area is expanding at 2.2% per year, with existing lit areas brightening by 2.2% per year.
- Biomass recycling and Earth’s early phosphorus cycle
The scarcity of oxidants in the ancient oceans may have inhibited phosphorus recycling, stifling the growth of the biosphere.
- Discriminating between natural versus induced seismicity from long-term deformation history of intraplate faults
Long-term fault slip history can diagnose natural versus induced earthquakes, independent of correlations with fluid injection.
- Climate change and water management in the biblical city of Dan
Past climate shifts in water-stressed areas show that stagnant water could be a health threat in the context of global change.
- Provably secure and high-rate quantum key distribution with time-bin qudits
Information encoded in high-dimensional quantum states can achieve ultrahigh rates over metropolitan distances.
- The prevalence of kilometer-scale heterogeneity in the source region of MORB upper mantle
Observed Nd-Hf systematics in natural samples can be reproduced by melting a mantle with heterogeneities on kilometer scale.
- Prehistoric women’s manual labor exceeded that of athletes through the first 5500 years of farming in Central Europe
The advent of farming was associated with thousands of years of manual labor for women that exceeded that of living athletes.
- Stitching h-BN by atomic layer deposition of LiF as a stable interface for lithium metal anode
Selective atomic layer deposition of LiF on h-BN as an interfacial layer enables stable cycling of Li metal anodes.
- Mesocrystalline calcium silicate hydrate: A bioinspired route toward elastic concrete materials
Controlled aggregation of polymer-stabilized calcium silicate hydrate nanoparticles leads to elastic cementitious materials.
- Imaging paleoslabs in the D″ layer beneath Central America and the Caribbean using seismic waveform inversion
Seismic images of the lowermost mantle under Central America show two distinct paleoslabs subducted ~150 to 200 Ma.
- Origami lattices with free-form surface ornaments
We introduce folding strategies to fabricate lattice structures with arbitrarily complex surface (nano-) ornaments.
Editorials
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Rats with prior exposure to alcohol were more susceptible to the effects of cocaine self-administration than control rats, even displaying compulsive use in contexts associated with negative consequences, Griffin et al. report. They used an epigenetic approach in a rodent model to investigate how alcohol use primes the brain for cocaine addiction. Long-term alcohol use degraded nuclear histone deacetylases 4 and 5 in the nucleus accumbens, which creates a permissive epigenetic environment for cocaine-induced expression in a key brain region for reward learning. These results converge with prior research on nicotine to suggest common epigenetic pathways for the action of gateway drugs that increase vulnerability to other forms of addiction. CREDIT: SIGARRU/GETTY IMAGES