Contents
September 2017
Vol 3, Issue 9
Vol 3, Issue 9
Contents
Research Articles
- Polarization recovery through scattering media
The lost polarization state purity of light is now shown to be recovered, after propagating in a strongly scattering environment.
- Homeodomain-like DNA binding proteins control the haploid-to-diploid transition in Dictyostelium
Structures of social amoeba mating-type proteins suggest deep conservation of sexual differentiation processes.
- Intracellular spectral recompositioning of light enhances algal photosynthetic efficiency
Spectral conversion of light enhances algal photosynthesis and enables technologies for sustainable energy and food production.
- Low-energy transmission electron diffraction and imaging of large-area graphene
Crystalline characterization of large-area graphene and study of adsorbates on it can be realized with low-energy electron beam.
- Significant and stable drag reduction with air rings confined by alternated superhydrophobic and hydrophilic strips
Drag reduction of up to 77.2% is achieved with air rings confined by alternating superhydrophobic and hydrophilic strips.
- Spectral purity and tunability of terahertz quantum cascade laser sources based on intracavity difference-frequency generation
Difference frequency generation quantum cascade lasers are well-suited for applications requiring narrow-linewidth emitters.
- Cardiolipin mediates membrane and channel interactions of the mitochondrial TIM23 protein import complex receptor Tim50
Cardiolipin mediates dynamic receptor-channel interactions within the mitochondrial TIM23 protein import complex.
- Moisture-triggered physically transient electronics
We present a type of electronics that can be dissolved upon the presence of moisture within a controllable time scale.
- Mechanistic basis for the recognition of laminin-511 by α6β1 integrin
The Glu residue in the laminin γ-tail forms a bipartite integrin binding site with three globular domains of the α chain.
- Curvature and Rho activation differentially control the alignment of cells and stress fibers
Stress fibers, single cells, and densely packed cells align on gently curved surfaces and restructure upon Rho activation.
- Ultrahigh mobility and efficient charge injection in monolayer organic thin-film transistors on boron nitride
An ultimate monolayer of 2D organic crystal can deliver high OTFT performance and be a clean system to investigate device physics.
- Quantum coherence as a witness of vibronically hot energy transfer in bacterial reaction center
Observation of coherence shifts reveals hot energy transfer and excess energy dissipation mechanisms in photosynthesis.
- Self-determined shapes and velocities of giant near-zero drag gas cavities
A gas cavity can reduce the hydrodynamic drag on a falling sphere in liquid to near zero by providing perfect slip conditions.
- Unveiling the role and life strategies of viruses from the surface to the dark ocean
Viral activity exerts a particularly important role in the dark ocean across the global tropical and subtropical oceans.
- Explaining opposition to refugee resettlement: The role of NIMBYism and perceived threats
Support for refugee resettlement declines when citizens consider resettlement within their communities or face threatening frames.
- Ultrastable atomic copper nanosheets for selective electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide
Air-stable atomically thick copper nanosheets are prepared and used for selective electrochemical reduction of CO2 into CO.
- Single-pixel computational ghost imaging with helicity-dependent metasurface hologram
A helicity-dependent computational ghost image generated by a metasurface hologram offers a promising optical encryption scheme.
- Ultratransparent and stretchable graphene electrodes
A new graphene structure allowing unprecedented stretchability in graphene electrodes was designed.
- Artificial solid electrolyte interphase for aqueous lithium energy storage systems
An ultrathin graphene artificial interphase stabilizes active material and conductive carbon in aqueous energy storage systems.
- Ultrahigh–current density anodes with interconnected Li metal reservoir through overlithiation of mesoporous AlF3 framework
Overlithiation of mesoporous AlF3 framework enables ultrahigh–current density Li metal anodes.
- Ghost reefs: Nautical charts document large spatial scale of coral reef loss over 240 years
Nautical charts from the 18th century document loss of nearshore coral reef habitat, revealing a shifted spatial baseline.
- Opto-thermophoretic assembly of colloidal matter
Colloidal matter with a wide range of materials, sizes, and configurations was built with opto-thermophoretic assembly.
- Experimental phase diagram of zero-bias conductance peaks in superconductor/semiconductor nanowire devices
Map to Majorana fermions in nanowires is revealed.
- Parasite biodiversity faces extinction and redistribution in a changing climate
Parasites face range loss and shifts under climate change, with likely parasite extinction rates of up to one in three species.
- RecA filament maintains structural integrity using ATP-driven internal dynamics
Sequence-dependent internal reorganization of the RecA filament maintains its structural integrity.
- Time-of-day–dependent global distribution of lunar surficial water/hydroxyl
Variations in H2O/OH absorption band strength with time of lunar day exhibit strong dependence on latitude and terrain type.
- Rubbery electronics and sensors from intrinsically stretchable elastomeric composites of semiconductors and conductors
Stretchable rubber-like electronics from intrinsically stretchable semiconductors and conductors are demonstrated.
- CryoEM structure of MxB reveals a novel oligomerization interface critical for HIV restriction
CryoEM structure of MxB tubes at 4.6 Å resolution reveals novel interfaces responsible for assembly and anti–HIV-1 activity.
- Real-time probing of granular dynamics with magnetic resonance
Real-time MRI of granular dynamics enabled by a joint optimization of imaging hardware, pulse sequences, and sample properties.
- Water on the surface of the Moon as seen by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper: Distribution, abundance, and origins
Spectral reflectance data are used to determine the formation, distribution, and variation of water across the lunar surface.
- Active Pacific meridional overturning circulation (PMOC) during the warm Pliocene
The warm, ~400-ppmv CO2 world of the Pliocene supported a northern-sourced meridional overturning cell in the Pacific.
- Size effects resolve discrepancies in 40 years of work on low-temperature plasticity in olivine
When deforming by low-temperature plasticity, the strength of the mantle mineral olivine is controlled by its grain size.
- Rapid and near-complete dissolution of wood lignin at ≤80°C by a recyclable acid hydrotrope
We report a near-complete dissolution of wood lignin at less than 80°C for 20 min using an easily recyclable hydrotrope.
- Earthquake forecasting during the complex Amatrice-Norcia seismic sequence
Prospective earthquake forecasts yield probabilities consistent with the space-time-magnitude evolution of a complex sequence.
- The empty primordial asteroid belt
The asteroid belt may be a cosmic refugee camp that formed empty but was populated by objects from across the solar system.
- Particle-hole symmetry reveals failed superconductivity in the metallic phase of two-dimensional superconducting films
Hall effect studies in disordered superconducting films reveal particle-hole symmetry in the enigmatic quantum metallic phase.
- Allochroic thermally activated delayed fluorescence diodes through field-induced solvatochromic effect
A novel thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) allochroic diode can change emission color through adjusting voltage.
- A versatile 3D tissue matrix scaffold system for tumor modeling and drug screening
Tissue matrix scaffold is an advanced tissue-mimicry 3D culture system for biomedical research and drug screening.
- Ligand-induced twisting of nanoplatelets and their self-assembly into chiral ribbons
Organic ligands can induce twist on nanometer-thin crystalline platelets and on their self-assembled ribbons.
- Cooperative deformations of periodically patterned hydrogels
In periodically patterned gels, buckled domains mutually interact and cooperatively deform to minimize total elastic energy.
- Autogenic geomorphic processes determine the resolution and fidelity of terrestrial paleoclimate records
Mesoscale geomorphic processes impose regularity in deposition, allowing quantitative resolution of proxy-based climate reconstructions.
- PAI-1 is a critical regulator of FGF23 homeostasis
Pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 augments proteolytic clearance of FGF23.
- Assembling oppositely charged lock and key responsive colloids: A mesoscale analog of adaptive chemistry
Oppositely charged thermoresponsive particles with complementary geometries are assembled into adaptive colloidal molecules.
- Interplay between protein glycosylation pathways in Alzheimer’s disease
Glycome analysis of Alzheimer’s patients reveals interplay between glycosylation pathways and suggests novel biomarkers.
- Bioinspired bright noniridescent photonic melanin supraballs
A one-pot emulsion process produces noniridescent supraball inks made of core-shell melanin and silica nanoparticles.
- Potyvirus virion structure shows conserved protein fold and RNA binding site in ssRNA viruses
A widespread common protein fold packages ssRNA in virus particles with diverse morphology and genomic structure.
- New models for energy beam machining enable accurate generation of free forms
A generic mathematical model determines the beam paths for various energy beam machining processes to generate free-form surfaces.
- Borate esters: Simple catalysts for the sustainable synthesis of complex amides
A commercially available borate ester catalyzes amide formation from carboxylic acids and amines with very high efficiency.
- A customizable class of colloidal-quantum-dot spasers and plasmonic amplifiers
Colloidal quantum dots in silver cavities result in a versatile class of laser-like plasmonic devices for on-chip use.
- Atomic-scale visualization of surface-assisted orbital order
First real-space visualization of an orbital order in the atomic scale by orbital-sensitive scanning tunneling microscopy.
- Dynamics in charity donation decisions: Insights from a large longitudinal data set
Longitudinal data of charity donation decisions reveal patterns in line with moral consistency as well as moral licensing.
- Cryogenian evolution of stigmasteroid biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of C29 sterols, enhancing eukaryotic temperature resistance, evolved during the global Neoproterozoic glaciations.
- Inward H+ pump xenorhodopsin: Mechanism and alternative optogenetic approach
Neurons expressing a novel rhodopsin can be activated by light; a complete story of protein structure and function follows.
- Latitudinal trends in shell production cost from the tropics to the poles
Shell cost is low in present-day oceans along the planetary temperature gradient, but global change may increase shell cost.
- Superadditivity of two quantum information resources
Demonstration of the superadditivity of two quantum information resources with three-partite nondistillable entangled states.
- Glaciation as a migratory switch
Range shifts at glacial maxima suggest that birds oscillate between migratory and sedentary behavior with glaciation as a switch.
- Intersectionality takes it to the streets: Mobilizing across diverse interests for the Women’s March
Participants at the Women’s March were motivated by issues that cross identity and issue-based themes in systematic ways.
- A variational approach to probing extreme events in turbulent dynamical systems
A variational framework for the analysis and data-driven prediction of extreme events is developed.
- A predictive framework for the design and fabrication of icephobic polymers
Here, we show how to predictably impart extremely low ice adhesion to a range of different plastic materials.
- Global sea turtle conservation successes
Many sea turtle populations are recovering, highlighting the value of conservation efforts and long-term monitoring.
- Structural analysis of BRCA1 reveals modification hotspot
Cracking the BRCA-BARD code—structural biology reveals the face of BRCA1.
- Thresholds of catastrophe in the Earth system
The geochemical record of past disruptions of Earth’s carbon cycle reveals thresholds beyond which mass extinction occurs.
- Stratified ubiquitination of RIG-I creates robust immune response and induces selective gene expression
Stratified multisite ubiquitination of RIG-I provides a robust and optimal control of innate antiviral responses.
- On-chip photonic synapse
An on-chip photonic device mimics the function of synaptic connections between neurons.
- Scale-dependent erosional patterns in steady-state and transient-state landscapes
We reveal distinct nonuniform erosion-upstream drainage area signatures of dynamic steady-state and transient-state landscapes.
- Asymmetry hidden in birds’ tracks reveals wind, heading, and orientation ability over the ocean
Estimation of wind and heading vectors from GPS tracking data reveals seabirds’ ability to orient themselves over the ocean.
- Stoichiometric control of the density of states in PbS colloidal quantum dot solids
Electronic structure engineering is achieved in colloidal quantum dot solids by surface-based stoichiometry adjustment.
- Identification and prioritization of novel anti-Wolbachia chemotypes from screening a 10,000-compound diversity library
Screening of 10,000 compounds reveals anti-Wolbachia chemotypes with potential to be developed into new drugs for two NTDs.
- Elovanoids are a novel class of homeostatic lipid mediators that protect neural cell integrity upon injury
We report the discovery of a novel family of prohomeostatic and neuroprotective lipid mediators called elovanoids.
- Electrical access to critical coupling of circularly polarized waves in graphene chiral metamaterials
Electric control of coupling in hybrid graphene/metamaterial system enables strong selective modulation of light polarization.
- Carotenoids are the likely precursor of a significant fraction of marine dissolved organic matter
Carotenoids, a common biochemical class, can be directly linked to long-term carbon storage in the ocean’s water column.
- Feedback-tracking microrheology in living cells
Feedback-tracking microrheology, developed to study nonequilibrium mechanics of active materials, revealed glassy cell dynamics.
- Liquid-like behavior of UV-irradiated interstellar ice analog at low temperatures
UV-irradiated interstellar ice analog behaves like a liquid at 50 to 150 kelvin, below its crystallization temperature.
- Quantized gravitational responses, the sign problem, and quantum complexity
Energy transport in metals helps uncover a link between Einstein’s gravity and quantum computational complexity.
- Ferroelectric self-assembled molecular materials showing both rectifying and switchable conductivity
Combining dipolar and semiconducting functionality in a single molecule yields a ferroelectrically switchable conductivity.
- Laser streaming: Turning a laser beam into a flow of liquid
New optofluidic coupling of photoacoustics to acoustic streaming enables laser-driven jet flow via plasmonic-acoustic cavity.
- Entropy-limited topological protection of skyrmions
Entropic effects counteract the topological protection of magnetic skyrmions, leading to faster decay rates than expected.
- Bication lead iodide 2D perovskite component to stabilize inorganic α-CsPbI3 perovskite phase for high-efficiency solar cells
A facile preparation of phase-stable cesium lead triiodide perovskite for high-performance solar cells.
Review
- How do lncRNAs regulate transcription?
Eukaryotic genomes encode thousands of long noncoding RNAs, and many of these function in transcriptional regulation.
Errata
About The Cover
Colorful ants and treehoppers on a bright bud in a thriving rainforest are shown here as examples of the kinds of species that could be lost due to fire suppression and afforestation in Brazilian tropical savanna.