Contents
December 2018
Vol 4, Issue 12
Vol 4, Issue 12
Contents
Research Articles
- Radiocarbon re-dating of contact-era Iroquoian history in northeastern North America
Radiocarbon data suggest the need to reconsider current dates and assumptions for contact-era Iroquoian history.
- Fe-oxide concretions formed by interacting carbonate and acidic waters on Earth and Mars
We propose a new model for the Fe-oxide concretion formation on Earth and that can also explain the early martian history.
- Engineering a light-responsive, quorum quenching biofilm to mitigate biofouling on water purification membranes
We engineered a light-responsive, quorum quenching biofilm and demonstrated its application in mitigating membrane biofouling.
- Applying ecological resistance and resilience to dissect bacterial antibiotic responses
Applying an ecological framework to bacterial antibiotic responses improves understanding of population recovery.
- The development of lower-atmosphere turbulence early in a solar flare
IRIS observation of the initiation of a solar flare suggests that turbulence helps to heat the Sun’s lower atmosphere.
- Dynamic thermal emission control with InAs-based plasmonic metasurfaces
Scientists and engineers revealed a way to electrically control heat transfer on demand in a nano-optical device.
- Effective approach to epidemic containment using link equations in complex networks
Assessing the importance of each connection in a network for the spreading of epidemics allows the largest containment up to date.
- New bounds on dark matter coupling from a global network of optical atomic clocks
The first Earth-scale quantum sensor network based on optical atomic clocks is looking for dark matter candidates.
- Secular decrease of wind power potential in India associated with warming in the Indian Ocean
Warming in the Indian Ocean lowers wind power potential in India.
- A stability-reversibility map unifies elasticity, plasticity, yielding, and jamming in hard sphere glasses
A stability-reversibility map unifies the response of amorphous solids to volume and shear deformations.
- Field responsive mechanical metamaterials
We present a new class of architected materials that exhibit rapid, reversible, and sizable changes in effective stiffness.
- Convergent evolution of a metabolic switch between aphid and caterpillar resistance in cereals
Maize and wheat independently evolved the capacity to control plant defenses through O-methylation of regulatory benzoxazinoids.
- A quantum machine learning algorithm based on generative models
We propose a quantum learning algorithm for a quantum generative model and prove its advantages compared with classical models.
- The strength of dynamic ties: The ability to alter some ties promotes cooperation in those that cannot be altered
The presence of alterable ties in human social networks promotes cooperation even in ties that cannot be altered.
- Readout and control of the spin-orbit states of two coupled acceptor atoms in a silicon transistor
The controllable transition from charge to spin physics for a boron atom in silicon is an essential step to spin-orbit qubits.
- Integrated photonic platform for quantum information with continuous variables
An integrated optical chip is used for generating, manipulating, and detecting squeezed vacuum and two-mode entanglement.
- Rift Valley fever virus induces fetal demise in Sprague-Dawley rats through direct placental infection
Rift Valley fever virus infection of pregnant rats results in fetal infection and death, even in dams with no signs of illness.
- Current-driven magnetization switching in ferromagnetic bulk Rashba semiconductor (Ge,Mn)Te
Current-driven switching of ferromagnetism is observed in a bulk material with Rashba-type spin-polarized band.
- In situ recombination junction between p-Si and TiO2 enables high-efficiency monolithic perovskite/Si tandem cells
A minimalist approach to integration yields tandem solar cells with high efficiency.
- Rhodium-catalyzed, P-directed selective C7 arylation of indoles
We report a regioselective direct arylation of indoles at the C7 position with (hetero)aryl bromides.
- All-photonic quantum teleportation using on-demand solid-state quantum emitters
Photons generated on-demand by artificial atoms are used to demonstrate quantum teleportation.
- Urbanization affects peak timing, prevalence, and bimodality of influenza pandemics in Australia: Results of a census-calibrated model
Simulations associate urbanization with earlier peaks, higher peak prevalence, and shifting bimodality of pandemics in Australia.
- Using 3D epigenomic maps of primary olfactory neuronal cells from living individuals to understand gene regulation
Profiling olfactory neuronal cells from many individuals reveals variations in epigenetic signatures.
- A path for lignin valorization via additive manufacturing of high-performance sustainable composites with enhanced 3D printability
We find the value of lignin for biomass processing industries via conversion to 3D-printable resin and its sustainable composites.
- A nanocrystalline monoclinic CaCO3 precursor of metastable aragonite
Monoclinic aragonite (mAra) is a naturally occurring nanocrystalline precursor of metastable aragonite.
- Growing climatic sensitivity of U.S. agriculture linked to technological change and regional specialization
Core U.S. agricultural region has become more sensitive to climatic shocks due to changes in technology and specialization.
- Discovering the forbidden Raman modes at the edges of layered materials
Forbidden Raman modes of layered materials (MoS2, WS2, WSe2, and black phosphorus) are detected from the edge regions.
- Multicomponent new particle formation from sulfuric acid, ammonia, and biogenic vapors
Atmospheric aerosol formation from biogenic vapors is strongly affected by air pollutants, like NOx, SO2, and NH3.
- Sleepmore in Seattle: Later school start times are associated with more sleep and better performance in high school students
After a 55-min delay in high school start times, students increased their sleep significantly and improved attendance and grades.
- Glacial changes in tropical climate amplified by the Indian Ocean
Coupled ocean-atmosphere processes in the Indian Ocean amplify changes in Indo-Pacific climate under glacial conditions.
- Graphene catalyzes the reversible formation of a C–C bond between two molecules
Graphene grown on a transition metal surface catalyzes a reversible C–C bond–forming reaction between two molecules.
- New neurons use Slit-Robo signaling to migrate through the glial meshwork and approach a lesion for functional regeneration
Appropriate positioning of new neurons in the brain promotes post-stroke functional recovery.
- Neuroinflammatory signals drive spinal curve formation in zebrafish models of idiopathic scoliosis
Zebrafish models implicate neuroinflammation as an underlying cause of, and druggable therapeutic target for, idiopathic scoliosis.
- Internal strain tunes electronic correlations on the nanoscale
Infrared nanoimaging reveals metallic and insulating stripes of μm size caused by internal strain at the charge-order transition.
- The mysterious long-range transport of giant mineral dust particles
Strong winds, turbulence, convective uplift, and electric charge may keep giant particles aloft.
- Structure and dynamical behavior of non-normal networks
We show that many real-world networks are non-normal, with important consequences for their stability and dynamical behavior.
- Phase coherence between precipitation in South America and Rossby waves
Rainfall in South America follows a dipole-like pattern that is driven by atmospheric waves associated with the jet stream.
- Ocean deoxygenation and zooplankton: Very small oxygen differences matter
Novel midwater ocean sampling shows that physiology dictates zooplankton distributions in submesoscale low oxygen features.
- Intraoperative visualization of the tumor microenvironment and quantification of extracellular vesicles by label-free nonlinear imaging
Intraoperative imaging of tumor microenvironment reveals correlations between extracellular vesicle density and breast pathology.
- Direct brain recordings reveal prefrontal cortex dynamics of memory development
Intracranial EEG provides spatiotemporally precise evidence that prefrontal cortex maturation partially drives memory development.
- Intraoperative detection of blood vessels with an imaging needle during neurosurgery in humans
A “smart” brain biopsy needle containing a tiny imaging probe is able to warn neurosurgeons about nearby blood vessels.
- Designing self-propelled, chemically active sheets: Wrappers, flappers, and creepers
Chemically generated flows propel and sculpt deformable sheets into shapes that impart fluidic devices with new functionality.
- Testing the paradigm of an ideal glass transition: Dynamics of an ultrastable polymeric glass
Measurements on nanogram samples of ultrastable polymer Teflon films challenge paradigms of the glass transition event.
- Freezing copper as a noble metal–like catalyst for preliminary hydrogenation
Copper is “frozen” into a metallic state as a noble metal–like catalyst for controlling the product in a chemical reaction.
- Ancient nuclear genomes enable repatriation of Indigenous human remains
Ancient DNA facilitates the return of remains to Indigenous tribal groups, resolving a long-standing concern.
- Phonon localization in heat conduction
Anderson localization in phonon heat conduction is observed in GaAs/AlAs superlattices with ErAs nanodots.
- High-speed transport of liquid droplets in magnetic tubular microactuators
We report a simple, additive-free method to fabricate asymmetric magnetic tubular microactuators for high-speed liquid transport.
- What is the origin of macroscopic friction?
The origin of macroscopic friction can be explained by the roughness of the potential energy surface of sliding planes.
- Electric field control of magnetic domain wall motion via modulation of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Magnetic domain wall speed exceeding 100 m/s is modulated by electrical gating of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction.
- Interleaved atom interferometry for high-sensitivity inertial measurements
Interleaved atom interferometry brings high sensitivity and temporal resolution to cold-atom inertial sensors.
- Fluorinated solid electrolyte interphase enables highly reversible solid-state Li metal battery
A principle of suppressing Li dendrite in solid-state electrolytes is proposed and demonstrated using LiF-rich SEI experimentally.
- Cell type–dependent bimodal p53 activation engenders a dynamic mechanism of chemoresistance
A new chemoresistance mechanism via bimodal p53 activation is attributed to differential output of a four-component control module.
- Magnetism in semiconducting molybdenum dichalcogenides
Our experiments unambiguously establish 2H-MoTe2 and 2H-MoSe2 as magnetic, moderate bandgap semiconductors.
- Swimming bacteria power microspin cycles
Physics reveals how swimming bacteria can mimic washing machine spin cycles.
About The Cover
COVER Cellular structures found in nature are often imitated in synthetic materials like polymeric and metallic foams. New technologies like four-dimensional printing are being used to create cellular structures with various characteristics that display unique mechanical, functional and thermal properties. These materials—known as metamaterials—generally do not respond to a changing environment because the material and architecture are fixed in time after their creation. Seeking a material that better adjusts to the stimuli in their environment, Jackson et al. incorporated magnetorheological (MR) fluid suspensions into three-dimensional-printed polymer tubes to create a new class of FRMMs. The MR fluids line up under a magnetic field, thus making them stiffer. The authors demonstrated their approach by printing cuboctahedron unit cells with controlled fluid delivery methods and testing them in a custom device in which the magnetic field strength could be specially regulated. They found that the average response time when hardening was less than a second and, when turned off to soften, was less than a quarter of a second. The researchers further developed a model to predict the responsiveness of their FRMMs in different conditions. [CREDIT: JULIE A. JACKSON]