Contents
October 2019
Vol 5, Issue 10
Vol 5, Issue 10
Research Articles
- MMOD-induced structural changes of hydroxylase in soluble methane monooxygenase
The crystal structure of the MMOH-MMOD complex illustrates the molecular mechanism by which MMOD modulates MMOH upon binding.
- The feedback between selection and demography shapes genomic diversity during coevolution
Rapid genomic changes during a coevolutionary arms race highlight the reciprocal effects of ecology and evolution.
- Reduced tree growth in the semiarid United States due to asymmetric responses to intensifying precipitation extremes
Increasing precipitation variability portends widespread negative consequences for future tree growth in the United States.
- Variable effects of local management on coral defenses against a thermally regulated bleaching pathogen
Local management enhances a coral’s defense against a thermal-bleaching pathogen.
- Extending electron paramagnetic resonance to nanoliter volume protein single crystals using a self-resonant microhelix
Self-resonant microhelix provides sensitivity for X-band electron paramagnetic resonance on protein crystals with <27-nl volume.
- Dominant nonlocal superconducting proximity effect due to electron-electron interaction in a ballistic double nanowire
We demonstrated dominant Cooper pair splitting in a ballistic double nanowire Josephson junction.
- Extreme biomimetics: Preservation of molecular detail in centimeter-scale samples of biological meshes laid down by sponges
We report a strategy for preserving the structural features of collagen triple helix in turbostratic graphite.
- LEDGF and HDGF2 relieve the nucleosome-induced barrier to transcription in differentiated cells
Chromatin-bound LEDGF and HDGF2 proteins allow RNAPII to overcome the nucleosome-induced block to transcription.
- Leverage points in the financial sector for seafood sustainability
Loan covenants, stock exchange listing rules, and shareholder activism can redirect capital toward better seafood practices
- RNA binding activates RIG-I by releasing an autorepressed signaling domain
Direct monitoring of RIG-I activation by FRET reveals reversible activation by RNA alone.
- Ultralong cycle stability of aqueous zinc-ion batteries with zinc vanadium oxide cathodes
Hierarchically porous zinc vanadium oxide cathodes contribute to high-rate and ultralong-life aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries.
- Telomerase promotes formation of a telomere protective complex in cancer cells
The telomerase protein hTERT has a noncanonical role in promoting telomere protection by heat shock protein 70.
- Rapid laser solver for the phase retrieval problem
An optical system solves the phase retrieval problem by exploiting the natural mode competition inside a degenerate laser cavity.
- Demonstration of slow light in rubidium vapor using single photons from a trapped ion
Using slow light, researchers demonstrate the first interaction between neutral atoms and photons emitted by a single trapped ion.
- Controlling three-dimensional optical fields via inverse Mie scattering
We report a design method that can generate an array of wavelength-scale spheres to produce specified 3D optical field patterns.
- Rapidly expanding nuclear arsenals in Pakistan and India portend regional and global catastrophe
Severe global climate change and a record death toll could result from nuclear war between India and Pakistan in the next decade.
- Unusual kinematics of the Papatea fault (2016 Kaikōura earthquake) suggest anelastic rupture
Differential lidar reveals unusual fault characteristics within a complex earthquake.
- Gold-DNA nanosunflowers for efficient gene silencing with controllable transformation
Here is a blueprint for constructing transformable gene interference carriers to regulate gene expression with external control.
- Autonomous early detection of eye disease in childhood photographs
A smartphone app searches baby pictures for common and rare eye disorders.
- A deep learning virtual instrument for monitoring extreme UV solar spectral irradiance
Using deep learning, we provide a way of virtually monitoring extreme UV solar spectral irradiance.
- Giant optical nonlinearity interferences in quantum structures
We bring to light the complex interplay of optical nonlinearities in quantum structures.
- High-efficiency single-photon generation via large-scale active time multiplexing
Time multiplexing with a low-loss adjustable optical delay line enables largely enhanced emissions of heralded single photons.
- HIV-1 Gag specifically restricts PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol mobility in living cells creating a nanodomain platform for virus assembly
HIV-1 is creating its own lipid bed for assembly.
- Formation of exoplanetary satellites by pull-down capture
We show that large moons around extrasolar planets can be captured during the rapid growth of a gas giant envelope.
- Ancient Greek text concealed on the back of unrolled papyrus revealed through shortwave-infrared hyperspectral imaging
Described here is the first successful uncovering of the reverse-side text of an unrolled papyrus through an imaging technique.
- Interference of clocks: A quantum twin paradox
In a quantum version of the twin paradox, atom interferometers generate one clock, aging at different rates simultaneously.
- Daily measurement of slow slip from low-frequency earthquakes is consistent with ordinary earthquake scaling
Daily M > 4.5 slow transients on tectonic plate boundaries are similar to fast earthquakes.
- Stimulated transformation of soft helix among helicoidal, heliconical, and their inverse helices
Dynamic manipulation of a helical superstructure among the helicoidal, heliconical, and their inverse counterparts is achieved.
- Antiviral activity of a purine synthesis enzyme reveals a key role of deamidation in regulating protein nuclear import
A nucleotide metabolic enzyme restricts viral lytic replication via protein deamidation.
- Topic choice contributes to the lower rate of NIH awards to African-American/black scientists
Topic choice is a previously unappreciated contributor to the lower rate of NIH awards to AA/B scientists.
- Synchronization of stochastic expressions drives the clustering of functionally related genes
Merely changing the linkage of yeast GAL genes without altering the expression level of any gene toxifies the cell.
- Bone marrow storage and delayed consumption at Middle Pleistocene Qesem Cave, Israel (420 to 200 ka)
Paleolithic cave dwellers in Israel consumed “canned food” some 400,000 years ago, demonstrating advanced planning skills.
- Epigenetic initiation of the TH17 differentiation program is promoted by Cxxc finger protein 1
Epigenetic initiation of the Th17 differentiation program is promoted by Cxxc1 via influence IL-6/STAT3 signaling.
- Ketones and aldehydes as alkyl radical equivalents for C─H functionalization of heteroarenes
C─H alkylation of heteroarenes using ketones and aldehydes as alkyl radical equivalents is achieved.
- Directed evolution of an α1,3-fucosyltransferase using a single-cell ultrahigh-throughput screening method
We report an efficient tool for engineering enzymes to economically produce fucosylated drugs and prebiotic supplements.
- Stretchable elastic synaptic transistors for neurologically integrated soft engineering systems
Fully rubbery synaptic transistors and neurologically integrated soft engineering systems are developed.
- Microscopic origin of the chiroptical response of optical media
A generalized model framework is developed to describe the physical origin of the chiroptical response in optical media.
- Soft nanocomposite electroadhesives for digital micro- and nanotransfer printing
A soft nanocomposite surface with voltage-tunable adhesive strength manipulates nano- and microscale objects.
- Analysis of “old” proteins unmasks dynamic gradient of cartilage turnover in human limbs
A limited salamander-like regenerative capability is revealed by distal joint cartilage turnover in humans.
- Allosteric pathway selection in templated assembly
Allostery plays a critical role in selecting high-fidelity assembly pathways.
- LPA1/3 overactivation induces neonatal posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus through ependymal loss and ciliary dysfunction
LPA, a blood-borne signaling lipid, induces neonatal hydrocephalus by damaging ependymal cells through LPA1/3 overactivation.
- Morphology and composition play distinct and complementary roles in the tolerance of plantar skin to mechanical load
Skin morphology and composition play complementary roles in protecting plantar skin from stress- and deformation-induced injury.
- Habenular and striatal activity during performance feedback are differentially linked with state-like and trait-like aspects of tobacco use disorder
We dissociate brain changes linked to nicotine withdrawal in the habenula from those linked to addiction severity in striatum.
- Structure-based mechanism of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor inhibition by antiasthmatic drugs
Two distinct antagonist-bound structures of CysLT1R reveal unique ligand-binding modes and signaling mechanisms.
- Quantum plasmonic control of trions in a picocavity with monolayer WS2
Tip-enhanced quantum plasmonics enables simultaneous nanoscale imaging and picoscale control of trions in monolayer WS2.
- Living evidence of a fossil survival strategy raises hope for warming-affected corals
The discovery of a fossil survival strategy in modern corals explains unexpected recoveries after warming-induced mortalities.
- Microglia morphology and proinflammatory signaling in the nucleus accumbens during nicotine withdrawal
Nearly 80% of smokers attempting to quit fail, but research on microglia may open a new avenue for smoking cessation drugs.
- Borophene-graphene heterostructures
Borophene and graphene form 2D lateral and vertical heterostructures with sharp and rotationally commensurate interfaces.
- Ubiquitin-proteasomal regulation of chromatin remodeler INO80 in the nucleus accumbens mediates persistent cocaine craving
Proteasomal-regulated chromatin remodeler mediates cocaine relapse during abstinence.
- Coupling ultracold matter to dynamical gauge fields in optical lattices: From flux attachment to ℤ2 lattice gauge theories
An implementation of a simple lattice gauge theory coupled to matter is proposed for ultracold atoms in optical lattices.
- MIBI-TOF: A multiplexed imaging platform relates cellular phenotypes and tissue structure
Multiplexed, high resolution analysis with MIBI-TOF reveals surprising features of the immune environment across tumor regions.
- Nuclear receptors regulate alternative lengthening of telomeres through a novel noncanonical FANCD2 pathway
We report a novel pathway where FANCD2 binds to nuclear receptors, COUP-TFII/TR4, to promote alternative lengthening of telomeres.
- Electrically controlled liquid crystal elastomer–based soft tubular actuator with multimodal actuation
An electrically-controlled soft tubular actuator is constructed for soft robotic applications.
- Managed retreat through voluntary buyouts of flood-prone properties
Experiences with voluntary buyouts of flood-prone properties provide lessons for managed retreat under climate change.
- Structural dispersion–based reduction of loss in epsilon-near-zero and surface plasmon polariton waves
Exploiting structural dispersion of waveguides, we explore how to reduce the effect of loss in ENZ and surface plasmon polariton.
- Troughs developed in ice-stream shear margins precondition ice shelves for ocean-driven breakup
Fast-flowing ice shelves may form channels under their margins that promote calving and retreat under warming ocean conditions.
- Quantum image distillation
Images composed of both quantum and classical light can be distilled so as to separate the quantum from the classical information.
- PP2Cδ inhibits p300-mediated p53 acetylation via ATM/BRCA1 pathway to impede DNA damage response in breast cancer
Aberrant PP2Cδ inhibits p300-mediated p53 acetylation and activation via the ATM/BRCA1 pathway, leading to cancer progression.
- Nontrivial quantum oscillation geometric phase shift in a trivial band
A novel quantum oscillation phase shift that arises from unusual filling-enforced constraints in a multiband system is reported.
- Bacterial production and direct functional screening of expanded molecular libraries for discovering inhibitors of protein aggregation
Engineered bacteria enable the screening of vast molecular libraries for discovering inhibitors of pathogenic protein aggregation.
- Targeting CCR5 trafficking to inhibit HIV-1 infection
The diversity of secretory routes enabled the identification of specific inhibitors of CCR5 transport and HIV-1 infection.
- Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement remediates hedonic dysregulation in opioid users: Neural and affective evidence of target engagement
Mindfulness-based therapy changes brain responses to drug cues and healthy natural rewards in chronic opioid users.
- Low-temperature synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Titan’s surface ices and on airless bodies
Model ices related to Titan’s surface show that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not solely formed in Titan’s atmosphere.
- Kids these days: Why the youth of today seem lacking
We view kids these days unfavorably, especially on traits at which we excel, partly because we have a biased view of the past.
- Electric dipole effect in PdCoO2/β-Ga2O3 Schottky diodes for high-temperature operation
All-oxide Schottky diode PdCoO2/β-Ga2O3 demonstrates high-temperature operation over 300°C with a large barrier height of 1.8 eV.
- Synthetic presentation of noncanonical Wnt5a motif promotes mechanosensing-dependent differentiation of stem cells and regeneration
A rational approach promotes mechano-dependent osteogenesis and effective bone regeneration with conjugated biomimetic peptide.
- Chain formation can enhance the vertical migration of phytoplankton through turbulence
The elongated shape of multicellular phytoplankton chains helps them migrate through turbulence.
- Structure and genome ejection mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus phage P68
Cryo-EM reveals the genome ejection mechanism of bacteriophage P68, a potential phage therapy agent against Staphylococcus aureus.
- Common architecture of Tc toxins from human and insect pathogenic bacteria
The pore formation and translocation machinery of Tc toxins is conserved; in contrast, the outer shell is structurally variable.
- Novel excitations near quantum criticality in geometrically frustrated antiferromagnet CsFeCl3
Hybridization of phase and amplitude fluctuations of an order parameter is evidenced by neutron scattering technique.
- High density of genuine growth twins in electrodeposited aluminum
We demonstrate the synthesis of highly twinned Al using electrodeposition and propose a model for the continuous twin nucleation.
- DNA methylation reprogramming, TE derepression, and postzygotic isolation of nascent animal species
We present evidence for the dual role of epigenetics and transposable elements have a dual role in the reproductive isolation of nascent species.
- Controlled ploidy reduction of pluripotent 4n cells generates 2n cells during mouse embryo development
Mouse pluripotent tetraploid cells generate diploid cells during embryogenesis through nonrandom chromosome segregation.
- Orbital-selective Kondo lattice and enigmatic f electrons emerging from inside the antiferromagnetic phase of a heavy fermion
Kondo lattice emerges from deep within the antiferromagnetic phase of a heavy fermion, driven by selective sub-orbitals.
- Training of quantum circuits on a hybrid quantum computer
We train generative modeling circuits on a quantum hybrid computer showing an optimization strategy and a resource trade-off.
- Intrinsically disordered proteins access a range of hysteretic phase separation behaviors
Salient nonequilibrium phase separation behaviors in intrinsically disordered proteins dictate phase separation–driven assembly.
- A global synthesis reveals biodiversity-mediated benefits for crop production
Biodiversity benefits pollination, pest control, and crop productivity but suffers from land-use intensification.
- Cryo–electron microscopy structure and analysis of the P-Rex1–Gβγ signaling scaffold
The cryo-EM structure of P-Rex1 bound to Gβγ reveals the configuration of an important membrane-associated signaling scaffold.
- Earliest occupation of the Central Aegean (Naxos), Greece: Implications for hominin and Homo sapiens’ behavior and dispersals
A ≥200,000-year-old Aegean Basin site suggests wider dispersal of hominins and early modern humans than believed previously.
- Electro-plasmonic nanoantenna: A nonfluorescent optical probe for ultrasensitive label-free detection of electrophysiological signals
An ultra-bright extracellular optical field probe enabling label-free detection of electrogenic activity is introduced.
- Epigenetic dynamics in infancy and the impact of maternal engagement
Maternal behavior affects epigenetic tuning of the oxytocin receptor in human infants.
Editorials
Reviews
- Current status of opioid addiction treatment and related preclinical research
Two effective treatments for opioid addiction, methadone and buprenorphine-naloxone maintenance, should be widely implemented.
- Current advances in research in treatment and recovery: Nicotine addiction
This review covers the changing tobacco product marketplace and evidence-based approaches to prevent and treat nicotine addiction.
- The treatment of cocaine use disorder
Current treatments for cocaine use disorder are often ineffective; new treatments are needed and are under development.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Most of humanity's artistic creations are gone forever, while what remains has become fragmentary and fragile over the centuries. Sunlight, candle soot, high humidity, and insects have worn away Renaissance paintings, while coatings of bright paint have long faded from the famous Terracotta warriors of Xi-an and the statues of ancient Greece. But new technologies are helping scientists analyze and restore great works of art. These technologies have been the subject of the journal's "Scientific Methods in Cultural Heritage" special collection, launched in the spring of 2019. Hyperspectral imaging, magnetic resonance microscopy, femtosecond laser pulse control, and pattern recognition, among other approaches, are preserving and deciphering art for future generations. For example, a recent study by Sabetsarvestani et al. reveals that an AI-assisted approach, tested on the Adam and Eve panels of the famous Ghent Altarpiece, makes it easier to study paintings that feature images on both sides of a canvas. In another recent study, Barberio et al. demonstrate a plasma-driven technology's ability to inform how sunlight exposure darkens commonly used pigments, which will aid efforts in painting conservation. In an Editorial highlighting the collection, Science Advances Deputy Editor Warren S. Warren writes: "It has become clear that technologies [like these] can have a major impact on how we understand the past, and what we can transfer to the future." [CREDIT: IMAGE COURTESY NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART, WASHINGTON. PHOTOGRAPHY BY GREG WILLIAMS]
