Contents
March 2019
Vol 5, Issue 3
Vol 5, Issue 3
Contents
Research Articles
- Outstanding radiation resistance of tungsten-based high-entropy alloys
Are high-entropy alloys the solution to radiation damage?
- Making flexible spin caloritronic devices with interconnected nanowire networks
We use macroscopic-scale magnetic nanowire network films to create efficient, flexible spin-thermoelectric devices.
- Distinct signature of local tetrahedral ordering in the scattering function of covalent liquids and glasses
A direct signature of tetrahedral ordering is revealed in the scattering function of silica and other tetrahedral materials.
- Manipulating surface magnetic order in iron telluride
Manipulation of the surface composition of a strongly correlated electron material enables control of the magnetic order.
- Ultrafast electron calorimetry uncovers a new long-lived metastable state in 1T-TaSe2 mediated by mode-selective electron-phonon coupling
Ultrafast laser pulses uncover a new metastable state in 1T-TaSe2 by exciting electrons and then tracking their temperature.
- Detection of thermodynamic “valley noise” in monolayer semiconductors: Access to intrinsic valley relaxation time scales
Using light to “listen” to the noise of electrons, we reveal their intrinsic dynamics in a single semiconducting atomic layer.
- Experimentally reducing the quantum measurement back action in work distributions by a collective measurement
A new measurement scheme for reducing quantum measurement back action is experimentally realized.
- Direct visualization of coexisting channels of interaction in CeSb
ARPES reveals how correlated electrons reconcile competing interactions by separating them by orbital symmetry.
- Spider dragline silk as torsional actuator driven by humidity
Spider dragline silk exhibits a self-powered torsion actuation driven by humidity, potentially acting as a novel torsional actuator.
- Increasing bulk photovoltaic current by strain tuning
Bulk photovoltaic current in ferroelectric lithium niobate increases by 75% under a compressive mechanical stress of only 10 MPa.
- The birth of a coronal mass ejection
Tiny plasmoids merge on the Sun and snowball into a stellar-sized eruption.
- No high Tibetan Plateau until the Neogene
The youngest palm fossil record in Tibet suggests that there was no high Tibetan Plateau until the Neogene.
- A lateral hypothalamus to basal forebrain neurocircuit promotes feeding by suppressing responses to anxiogenic environmental cues
LHGABA action on anxiogenic stimulus-responsive DBBGABA neurons allows indiscriminate feeding.
- Macrocyclization of peptidoarylacetamides with self-assembly properties through late-stage palladium-catalyzed C(sp2)▬H olefination
Pd-catalyzed late-stage C(sp2)▬H activation allows the generation of self-assembling cyclic peptides.
- Type III interferon signaling restricts enterovirus 71 infection of goblet cells
Enterovirus 71, a cause of severe disease in children, infects goblet cells to cross the intestinal barrier.
- New evidence of broader diets for archaic Homo populations in the northwestern Mediterranean
Taphonomic data suggest that early humans in Europe had more variable diet breadths than assumed by current evolutionary models.
- Campo Laborde: A Late Pleistocene giant ground sloth kill and butchering site in the Pampas
14C dates disprove Holocene survival of Pleistocene megafauna in the Pampas and show humans hunted Megatherium at 12,600 CAL BP.
- Bilateral alkylamine for suppressing charge recombination and improving stability in blade-coated perovskite solar cells
Anchoring monolayer bilateral amines on perovskite passivates surface defects, reinforces grain boundaries, and enhances stability.
- Nanoscale Lamb wave–driven motors in nonliquid environments
A nanoscale rotary motor driven by optically excited Lamb wave working in air or vacuum is achieved.
- Topological materials discovery by large-order symmetry indicators
A modern algorithm discovers many topological materials with large-order symmetry indicators in a single sweep.
- Tropical fish diversity enhances coral reef functioning across multiple scales
Fish diversity enhances the process of herbivory on coral reefs, with consequent benefits also to ecosystem integrity.
- Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests
Tropical secondary forests recover quickly (decades) in tree species richness but slowly (centuries) in species composition.
- Direct imaging of ultrafast lattice dynamics
We image a previously unidentified ultrafast lattice response in silicon, providing insight into deformation kinetics.
- The endogenous retrovirus-derived long noncoding RNA TROJAN promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression via ZMYND8 degradation
HERV loci transcribed lncRNA TROJAN promotes TNBC progression through ZMYND8 degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
- Greenland Ice Sheet surface melt amplified by snowline migration and bare ice exposure
Greenland’s snowline exhibits large fluctuations and is a primary amplifier of ice sheet surface melt and runoff.
- A methylation-phosphorylation switch determines Plk1 kinase activity and function in DNA damage repair
Two types of small-group modifications on Plk1 control its activity and its cellular functions.
- Chromatin capture links the metabolic enzyme AHCY to stem cell proliferation
Chromatin capture unveils a regulatory axis between metabolism, gene regulation, and proliferation in stem cells.
- Wireless, battery-free optoelectronic systems as subdermal implants for local tissue oximetry
Wireless, battery-free optoelectronic systems enable localized tissue oximetry in tether-free, awake animal models.
- Sea ice variability in the southern Norwegian Sea during glacial Dansgaard-Oeschger climate cycles
New biomarker sea ice reconstructions document that sea ice changes shaped past abrupt climate change.
- CRISPR-Cas9 corrects Duchenne muscular dystrophy exon 44 deletion mutations in mice and human cells
A mouse model with a common human DMD mutation was created and corrected by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing.
- Enantioselective fragmentation of an achiral molecule in a strong laser field
Prochiral formic acid has been enantioselectively driven to chiral fragmentation, leading to photoion circular dichroism in the molecular frame.
- Cellular microRNA detection with miRacles: microRNA- activated conditional looping of engineered switches
A DNA nanotechnology approach enables label-free and unamplified detection of cellular microRNAs using gel electrophoresis.
- Escaping undesired gas-phase chemistry: Microwave-driven selectivity enhancement in heterogeneous catalytic reactors
Direct catalyst heating by microwaves reduces the impact of secondary homogeneous reactions occurring in the gas phase.
- Atmospheric forcing of rapid marine-terminating glacier retreat in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Marine-terminating glaciers in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago have retreated in response to atmospheric, not oceanic, warming.
- Wigner solid pinning modes tuned by fractional quantum Hall states of a nearby layer
Pinning modes of a Wigner solid show remarkably small screening by a fractional quantum Hall liquid in close proximity.
- Vapor-printed polymer electrodes for long-term, on-demand health monitoring
Vapor printing electrodes on seedlings allows on-demand health monitoring of growing plants using bioimpedance spectroscopy.
- Predicted hotspots of overlap between highly migratory fishes and industrial fishing fleets in the northeast Pacific
Vessel tracking and habitat modeling reveal hotspots of overlap between industrial fishing and the habitat of pelagic fishes.
- Conformational landscape alternations promote oncogenic activities of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 as revealed by NMR
We demonstrate that the alternation of conformational equilibrium is a primary mechanism underlying oncogenic activities of Rac1.
- Multi-isotope analysis reveals that feasts in the Stonehenge environs and across Wessex drew people and animals from throughout Britain
Pan-British mobility is revealed in Neolithic Britain in the largest faunal multi-isotope study yet delivered in archeology.
- Stabilization of fault slip by fluid injection in the laboratory and in situ
Fluid injection experiments on laboratory and natural faults reveal a similar phase of fault opening and accelerating creep.
- A natural experiment reveals the impact of hydroelectric dams on the estuaries of tropical rivers
Comparison of free versus dammed tropical rivers reveals sediment trapping in dams has devastating consequences for estuaries.
- Gate-controlled VO2 phase transition for high-performance smart windows
A voltage-controlled VO2 smart window with excellent visible transmittance and infrared modulation efficiency is achieved.
- Composite lithium electrode with mesoscale skeleton via simple mechanical deformation
By a simple but effective physical method, lithium can be wrapped inside a polymer matrix, creating a 3D composite electrode.
- Propane oxidative dehydrogenation over highly selective hexagonal boron nitride catalysts: The role of oxidative coupling of methyl
Oxidative coupling of methyl increases C2 formation in propane oxidative dehydrogenation on hexagonal boron nitride.
- Agricultural lime disturbs natural strontium isotope variations: Implications for provenance and migration studies
Agricultural liming severely affects the use of strontium isotopes in prehistoric provenance and migration studies.
- Motivating the adoption of new community-minded behaviors: An empirical test in Nigeria
Field experiment in Nigeria finds that a nudge and norms campaign within original Nollywood film encouraged corruption reports.
- Rapid and inefficient kinetics of sickle hemoglobin fiber growth
Nanoscale analysis reveals the rapid and inefficient sickle hemoglobin self-assembly process.
- Human pluripotent stem cell–derived brain pericyte–like cells induce blood-brain barrier properties
The authors differentiate human stem cells to brain pericyte–like cells and integrate them into a neurovascular unit model.
- Bioinspired mechanical device generates plasma in water via cavitation
Engineering the weapon of the ocean’s loudest snapper: 3D-printed shrimp claw efficiently produces shock waves and plasmas.
- Bach1 regulates self-renewal and impedes mesendodermal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells
Bach1 is a key determinant of pluripotency, self-renewal, and cell fate determination in human embryonic stem cells.
- The neural circuitry of affect-induced distortions of trust
Incidental aversive affect distorts trust decisions and changes activity and connectivity in social cognitive neural circuitry.
- Sensitivity of the superconducting state in thin films
An unexpected sensitivity of thin-film superconductors to perturbation explains observations of a metallic state in such films.
- Inhibiting the stringent response blocks Mycobacterium tuberculosis entry into quiescence and reduces persistence
The stringent response enzyme is a promising new target for Mycobacterium tuberculosis persisters.
- How cardiolipin modulates the dynamics of respiratory complex I
Cardiolipin induces conformational changes in complex I that modulate the accessibility of the quinone substrate to the enzyme.
- Lamin A buffers CK2 kinase activity to modulate aging in a progeria mouse model.
The causative progeria lamin A mutation inhibits CK2 enzyme activity to accelerate aging in laboratory mice.
- Hypoxia and matrix viscoelasticity sequentially regulate endothelial progenitor cluster-based vasculogenesis
A broadened perspective on neovascularization is achieved by mimicking the vascular regenerative microenvironment in vitro.
- Zooming in on protons: Neutron structure of protein kinase A trapped in a product complex
Neutrons reveal previously unknown protonation states of amino acid residues in protein kinase A—a prototype for the kinase family.
- Single-molecule polarization microscopy of DNA intercalators sheds light on the structure of S-DNA
Optical tweezers and single-molecule polarization imaging reveal structural features of overstretched DNA.
- pH-dependent gating mechanism of the Helicobacter pylori urea channel revealed by cryo-EM
Comparison of closed and open channels defines pH-dependent gating mechanism and cooperativity between protomers in the hexamer.
- Observation of new plasmons in the fractional quantum Hall effect: Interplay of topological and nematic orders
New plasmon modes in fractional quantum Hall states are observed, revealing interplays of topological and nematic orders.
- Newly developed reversible MAO-B inhibitor circumvents the shortcomings of irreversible inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease
KDS2010, a MAO-B inhibitor, shows a long-lasting effect in alleviating memory impairment in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model.
- Remote detection of radioactive material using mid-IR laser–driven electron avalanche
We show that laser pulses can sensitively detect the presence of a remote radioactive source by sparking its surrounding air.
- The architectural design of smart ventilation and drainage systems in termite nests
Ventilation and drainage in termite nests are controlled by microscale morphological features of the outer walls.
- Hydrogel 3D printing with the capacitor edge effect
The capacitor edge effect can pattern liquids for 3D printing of various hydrogels.
- Plasmon damping depends on the chemical nature of the nanoparticle interface
Damping of gold nanorod plasmons by surface-adsorbed molecules is best explained by scattering off adsorbate-induced dipoles.
- A previously unrecognized source of the O2 Atmospheric band emission in Earth’s nightglow
Energy transfer from vibrationally excited OH to O atoms leads to enhanced O2 nightglow in Earth’s upper atmosphere.
- Dual complementary liposomes inhibit triple-negative breast tumor progression and metastasis
Dual complementary liposomes inhibit proliferation and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer.
- Electronic structure at coarse-grained resolutions from supervised machine learning
Machine learning–enhanced molecular simulation opens a pathway to multiscale prediction for organic electronics.
- Codweb: Whole-genome sequencing uncovers extensive reticulations fueling adaptation among Atlantic, Arctic, and Pacific gadids
Genome sequencing of codfish supporting large fisheries shows rampant hybridization providing fuel for their adaptations.
- Predatory fish invasion induces within and across ecosystem effects in Yellowstone National Park
Invasion of Yellowstone Lake by lake trout displaced bears and other cutthroat trout consumers in Yellowstone National Park.
- A hidden state in the turnover of a functioning membrane protein complex
We discovered a hidden state in the turnover of the torque-generating units of the bacterial flagellar rotary motor.
- Sutureless repair of corneal injuries using naturally derived bioadhesive hydrogels
We engineered a photocrosslinkable and transparent bioadhesive hydrogel for quick sealing, and repair of corneal defects.
- Propofol-induced deep sedation reduces emotional episodic memory reconsolidation in humans
Administering the anesthetic propofol after a brief reminder reduces retrieval of established emotional memory 24 hours later.
- Evidence of pair-density wave in spin-valley locked systems
DMRG simulation predicts spatially modulated superconductivity in a triangular system with spin-valley locking for the first time.
- Hybrid nanocarriers incorporating mechanistically distinct drugs for lymphatic CD4+ T cell activation and HIV-1 latency reversal
Targeted nanocarriers deliver HIV-1 latency-reversing agents to CD4+ T cells in the lymph nodes.
- The weakening relationship between Eurasian spring snow cover and Indian summer monsoon rainfall
Eurasian spring snow cover may not be a faithful predictor of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall in a changing climate.
- Intermolecular dialkylation of alkenes with two distinct C(sp3)─H bonds enabled by synergistic photoredox catalysis and iron catalysis
An intermolecular dialkylation of alkenes via a radical process with two distinct C(sp3)─H bonds is described.
- SIRT7-mediated ATM deacetylation is essential for its deactivation and DNA damage repair
SIRT7 plays a critical role in dissembling and deactivating ATM when DNA damage repair is completed.
- Nanoscale ferroelastic twins formed in strained LaCoO3 films
We propose a convenient means to effectively control the physical ground state of a ferroelastic film through domain engineering.
- Micronutrient-fortified rice can be a significant source of dietary bioavailable iron in schoolchildren from rural Ghana
Novel fortified rice formulations enhance dietary iron bioavailability in deficient populations in sub-Saharan Africa.
- Escherichia coli as a platform for the study of phosphoinositide biology
To test proposed functional roles for phosphoinositides, we engineered their biosynthetic machinery into E. coli.
- Elastocapillary self-assembled neurotassels for stable neural activity recordings
Neurotassels self-assemble into thin fibers through elastocapillary interactions and enable stable neural activity recordings.
- Persistent hippocampal neural firing and hippocampal-cortical coupling predict verbal working memory load
Human working memory maintenance builds on persistent hippocampal firing and hippocampal-cortical oscillatory synchronization.
- Label-free surface-sensitive photonic microscopy with high spatial resolution using azimuthal rotation illumination
Extending SPs and BSWs for microscopy leads to imaging artifacts, which are removed by using azimuthal rotation illumination.
- Taiji: System-level identification of key transcription factors reveals transcriptional waves in mouse embryonic development
A novel method for identifying genes with global importance leads to the discovery of transcriptional waves during embryogenesis.
- Antibiotic resistance in European wastewater treatment plants mirrors the pattern of clinical antibiotic resistance prevalence
The antibiotic resistome in European UWTPs mirrors the gradient of north-to-south clinical antibiotic resistance prevalence.
- Real-time interactive simulations of large-scale systems on personal computers and cell phones: Toward patient-specific heart modeling and other applications
Supercomputer simulations of accurate cardiac electrophysiology are now possible in real time on desktops and even cell phones.
- Respiratory infections drive hepcidin-mediated blockade of iron absorption leading to iron deficiency anemia in African children
Inflammation from respiratory infections contributes to iron deficiency anemia in children by blocking iron absorption.
- The historical development of complex global trafficking networks for marine wildlife
One hundred and fifty years of marine wildlife trafficking records precede and predict modern IUU fishing patterns.
- Labyrinth ice pattern formation induced by near-infrared irradiation
High-power illumination of thin ice crystals drives the formation of dynamic holes and water microchannel labyrinths.
- Experimental learning of quantum states
A photonic system is used to demonstrate that quantum states can be approximately learned using a linear number of measurements.
- Persistence of intense, climate-driven runoff late in Mars history
Mars once supported globally-distributed river systems; these flowed more recently and more intensely than previously thought.
- Contribution of biomimetic collagen-ligand interaction to intrafibrillar mineralization
Collagen-bound nucleation inhibitor ameliorates mineralization via caching of prenucleation clusters.
- Immunomodulatory nanogels overcome restricted immunity in a murine model of gut microbiome–mediated metabolic syndrome
Gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome regulate nanovaccine response and can be immunomodulated using advanced nanomaterials.
- Optical pulling at macroscopic distances
A cocktail of independent yet compatible mechanisms pull an object from far with light.
Errata
Technical Comments
- Comment on “Giant electromechanical coupling of relaxor ferroelectrics controlled by polar nanoregion vibrations”
Phantom indications of phonon anticrossing in relaxor ferroelectrics can arise via an inelastic double-scattering process.
- Response to comment on “Giant electromechanical coupling of relaxor ferroelectrics controlled by polar nanoregion vibrations”
Failed attempts to reproduce measurements suffer from lower resolution not ghosts.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Real-time processing and manipulation of biological signals requires bioelectronic devices with integrated components capable of signal amplification, processing, and stimulation; Transistors form the backbone of such circuits. As represented on the March cover, Spyropoulos et al. have introduced an internal-ion gated organic electrochemical transistor (IGT) that uses contained mobile ions within the conducting polymer channel to permit both volumetric capacitance and shortened ionic transit time. The IGT has high transconductance, high speed, and can be independently gated to create scalable conformable integrated circuits. The authors demonstrate the ability of the IGT to provide a miniaturized, comfortable interface with human skin, using local amplification to record high quality brain neurophysiological activity. The IGT is an effective transistor architecture for enabling integrated, real-time sensing and stimulation of signals from living organisms. The cover image highlights the conformability and biocompatibility of this transistor architecture and materials by demonstrating IGT-based digital logic gates conforming to the surface of orchid petals. Scale bar, 10 mm. [CREDIT: GEORGE SPYROPOULOS, PHD/COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY]