Contents
May 2019
Vol 5, Issue 5
Vol 5, Issue 5
Research Articles
- Hippos (Hippopotamus amphibius): The animal silicon pump
Grazing hippos are key species in transfer of silicon from terrestrial grasses to lake diatoms.
- p63 establishes epithelial enhancers at critical craniofacial development genes
Enhancers at critical craniofacial development genes are established by p63 and enriched for SNPs associated with CL/P.
- The sequence of events during folding of a DNA origami
The folding pathway of a DNA origami unveiled in real time, strand by strand, and terminus by terminus.
- Structural mechanism for regulation of the AAA-ATPases RUVBL1-RUVBL2 in the R2TP co-chaperone revealed by cryo-EM
Cryo-EM reveals the remodeling of RUVBL1-RUVBL2 ATPases by the client recruitment component in the HSP90 co-chaperone R2TP.
- Yam genomics supports West Africa as a major cradle of crop domestication
Yam, a tuber crop, was domesticated alongside some African cereals and defines a cradle of domestication in West Africa.
- Behavioral and epigenetic consequences of oxytocin treatment at birth
Maternally administered oxytocin leads to changes in offspring social behavior and neurobiology.
- Dynamically controllable polarity modulation of MoTe2 field-effect transistors through ultraviolet light and electrostatic activation
We enabled ultrafast, nonvolatile, and reversible band modulation of MoTe2 with spatial resolution by optoelectrical activation.
- Entropic effects enable life at extreme temperatures
Restricted rotation through tethering of lipids as found in archaea helps maintain barrier function at elevated temperatures.
- cIAP1/2 inhibition synergizes with TNF inhibition in autoimmunity by down-regulating IL-17A and inducing Tregs
Scientists reveal a role for apoptotic proteins in rheumatoid arthritis and show that therapeutic inhibition induces remission.
- Single-atom nanozymes
Atomically mimicking the enzyme-like active sites based on nanomaterials would develop unexpected single-atom nanozymes.
- Grayscale digital light processing 3D printing for highly functionally graded materials
We present a single-vat grayscale digital light processing 3D printing method for highly functionally graded materials.
- Coupled partitioning of Au and As into pyrite controls formation of giant Au deposits
The precipitation of As-rich pyrite (“fool’s gold”) can scavenge gold from hydrothermal fluids to form giant ore deposits.
- High-pressure, high-temperature molecular doping of nanodiamond
We create defects for quantum technologies by using high temperatures and pressures to convert molecularly doped carbon to diamond.
- Dirac nodal surfaces and nodal lines in ZrSiS
Photoemission demonstrates that the Dirac-like band crossings form 1D nodal lines and 2D nodal surfaces in the bulk of ZrSiS.
- Controlling fluid-induced seismicity during a 6.1-km-deep geothermal stimulation in Finland
Near–real-time seismic monitoring and injection control limits induced earthquakes in urban geothermal reservoir stimulation.
- First demonstration of antimatter wave interferometry
We have demonstrated wave-particle duality of single positrons in a double-slit-like experiment.
- Pyrogenic iron: The missing link to high iron solubility in aerosols
Air pollution creates high Fe solubility in pyrogenic aerosols, raising the flux of biologically essential Fe to the oceans.
- A light-driven burst of hydroxyl radicals dominates oxidation chemistry in newly activated cloud droplets
Freshly formed cloud droplets produce a burst of highly reactive radicals, which increases their importance in the climate system.
- Final fate of a Leidenfrost droplet: Explosion or takeoff
Evaporating Leidenfrost drops either “take-flight” or “crash-explode”; the amount of dirt they carry governs their final fate.
- Holographic imaging of electromagnetic fields via electron-light quantum interference
The quantum interference between ultrafast light and electron pulses enables the holographic reconstruction of nanoscale fields.
- Electrospray sample injection for single-particle imaging with x-ray lasers
Electrospray contaminant-free delivery of proteins to x-ray laser heralds the start of single-protein x-ray diffractive imaging.
- Anti-Stokes excitation of solid-state quantum emitters for nanoscale thermometry
We demonstrate anti-Stokes excitation of single color centers in diamond for high-sensitivity, nanoscale temperature measurements.
- Pervasive hybridizations in the history of wheat relatives
A comprehensive phylogenomic analysis reveals that the genomes of cultivated wheats result from multiple rounds of hybridization.
- Temporal evidence shows Australopithecus sediba is unlikely to be the ancestor of Homo
Analyzing their geological ages, we demonstrate it is unlikely that Australopithecus sediba is ancestral to Homo.
- Evolutionary parallelisms of pectoral and pelvic network-anatomy from fins to limbs
Anatomical organization of pectoral and pelvic appendages evolved in parallel during the fins-to-limbs transition.
- Autophagy induction in atrophic muscle cells requires ULK1 activation by TRIM32 through unanchored K63-linked polyubiquitin chains
Muscular dystrophy-associated mutations of TRIM32 impair ULK1-dependent autophagy response during muscle atrophy.
- Genetic architecture and sex-specific selection govern modular, male-biased evolution of doublesex
Structural modularity and positive selection govern functional evolution of doublesex, a master regulator of insect polymorphisms.
- Pharmacological inhibition of β-catenin/BCL9 interaction overcomes resistance to immune checkpoint blockades by modulating Treg cells
Pharmacological inhibition of β-catenin/BCL9 interaction modulates Treg cells and improves immunotherapy.
- Two-dimensional ground-state mapping of a Mott-Hubbard system in a flexible field-effect device
Simultaneous control of bandfilling and bandwidth reveals the two-dimensional ground-state phase diagram of a Mott transistor.
- Photon superbunching from a generic tunnel junction
Photon pairs are generated in an electrically driven tunnel junction.
- Differentiated fibrocytes assume a functional mesenchymal phenotype with regenerative potential
Fibrocytes, easily isolated from peripheral blood, hold potential as a cell source for regenerative medicine.
- SETDB1-dependent heterochromatin stimulates alternative lengthening of telomeres
Atypical heterochromatin forms on telomeres and correlates with ALT activities.
- The immunoproteasome catalytic β5i subunit regulates cardiac hypertrophy by targeting the autophagy protein ATG5 for degradation
Immunoproteasome subunit β5i regulates cardiac hypertrophy.
- Do transportation network companies decrease or increase congestion?
Transportation network companies (TNCs), such as Uber and Lyft, are the major driver of increasing traffic congestion in San Francisco.
- High-K dielectric sulfur-selenium alloys
The synthesis of high-K flexible dielectric material is presented using two commonly used inorganic materials S and Se.
- Triggered reversible substitution of adaptive constitutional dynamic networks dictates programmed catalytic functions
Synthetic interconverting nucleic acid–based networks reveal adaptive emerging functions, thereby mimicking biological networks.
- Metal-organic framework based on hinged cube tessellation as transformable mechanical metamaterial
A metal-organic framework based on porphyrin boxes exhibits metamaterial behavior.
- Analysis and minimization of cellular RNA editing by DNA adenine base editors
We report cellular RNA editing by adenine base editors and new ABE variants with reduced RNA editing activity.
- Label-free quantitation of glycated hemoglobin in single red blood cells by transient absorption microscopy and phasor analysis
Transient absorption microscopy could detect HbA1c, which is a stable biomarker for diabetes, at single–red blood cell level.
- Drug discovery for psychiatric disorders using high-content single-cell screening of signaling network responses ex vivo
High-content functional screening of primary patient blood cells reveals repurposed psychiatric drug candidates.
- Number detectors spontaneously emerge in a deep neural network designed for visual object recognition
A deep neural network trained only on visual object recognition develops tuned number detectors reminiscent of real neurons.
- Regulation of measles virus gene expression by P protein coiled-coil properties
Measles virus gene expression requires a precise range of cohesiveness and a kink in the coiled coil of its phosphoprotein.
- USP1 links platinum resistance to cancer cell dissemination by regulating Snail stability
Snail is a target of USP1 that links platinum response to metastasis in ovarian cancer.
- Tracking ultrafast hot-electron diffusion in space and time by ultrafast thermomodulation microscopy
Ultrafast microscopy images hot electrons transitioning from fast to slow diffusion in thin gold films as they cool down.
- Large spin-orbit torque efficiency enhanced by magnetic structure of collinear antiferromagnet IrMn
Collinear IrMn offers new opportunities for future magnetic memory design as it can be an effective source of spin-orbit torque.
- Sea-ice algal phenology in a warmer Arctic
The impact of declining sea ice on Arctic sea-ice primary production is projected to be both large and complex.
- Scalable electrochromic nanopixels using plasmonics
These nanosized color-changing pixels can be scaled onto large-area flexible films opening prospects for building-scale displays.
- Titi monkeys combine alarm calls to create probabilistic meaning
Field experiments reveal that titi monkeys probabilistically encode predator type and location using call combinations.
- Dental evolutionary rates and its implications for the Neanderthal–modern human divergence
The analysis of dental evolutionary rates indicates that Neanderthals and modern humans diverged at least 800,000 years ago.
- Loss of PRC1 activity in different stem cell compartments activates a common transcriptional program with cell type–dependent outcomes
Stem cell identity maintenance by PRC1 repressive activity is influenced by TFs and epigenetic landscape of specific cell types.
- ALBA protein complex reads genic R-loops to maintain genome stability in Arabidopsis
AtALBA1 and AtALBA2 are genic R-loop readers.
- Macrophage centripetal migration drives spontaneous healing process after spinal cord injury
Migration of macrophages via IRF8 toward a core lesion is important for the spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury.
- Deformation of an inner valence molecular orbital in ethanol by an intense laser field
Orbital deformation on a suboptical cycle time scale is revealed by orientation dependence of tunnel ionization.
- PES1 is a critical component of telomerase assembly and regulates cellular senescence
PES1 is a new component of telomerase assembly that regulates telomerase activity, telomere length, and cellular senescence.
- On-demand photonic entanglement synthesizer
Programmable and on-demand generation of photonic entanglement is enabled by a dynamically controlled loop-based circuit.
- Identification of variable lymphocyte receptors that can target therapeutics to pathologically exposed brain extracellular matrix
This study demonstrates targeting of blood-brain barrier disruption to deliver payloads at sites of neurological disease.
- Speaker-independent auditory attention decoding without access to clean speech sources
Our system separates simultaneous voices and compares them with brain waves of a listener to amplify attended speech.
- Layer-specific activation of sensory input and predictive feedback in the human primary somatosensory cortex
Using laminar fMRI, we show that prediction and sensory inputs activate specific layers in human primary somatosensory cortex.
- Selective trapping of hexagonally warped topological surface states in a triangular quantum corral
Special constant energy contours and spin textures help to trap the Dirac fermions in topological insulators.
- Mutualistic interactions reshuffle the effects of climate change on plants across the tree of life
Species extinctions may trigger coextinctions, leading to a biased pruning of the evolutionary and functional trees.
- Unusual packing of soft-shelled nanocubes
Nanocubes with soft DNA shells exhibit a zigzag packing with a break orientational symmetry relative to a lattice unit cell.
- Engineering single-atom dynamics with electron irradiation
A vector-space formalism is developed for optimizing single-atom manipulation outcomes under focused electron irradiation.
- Wearable thermoelectrics for personalized thermoregulation
Wearable thermoelectrics offers personalized thermoregulation with higher energy efficiency and enhanced thermal comfort.
- Correlation between scale-invariant normal-state resistivity and superconductivity in an electron-doped cuprate
An anomalous linear-in-H magnetoresistance and the superconductivity are found to be correlated in an electron-doped cuprate.
- Global pattern of phytoplankton diversity driven by temperature and environmental variability
In situ data and modeling offer a first global view of the spatial pattern of phytoplankton species richness in the ocean.
- Multiplexed single-cell RNA-seq via transient barcoding for simultaneous expression profiling of various drug perturbations
The authors developed a method for analyzing single cells under various conditions by tagging cells with small fragments of DNA.
- The structure of musical harmony as an ordered phase of sound: A statistical mechanics approach to music theory
A statistical mechanics approach shows how the fundamental structures of musical harmony emerge from disordered sound.
- Luminescence of coprecipitated titanium white pigments: Implications for dating modern art
Identification, dating and sourcing of titanium white pigments in modern art via Raman-based detection of neodymium luminescence.
- Precise closure of single blood vessels via multiphoton absorption–based photothermolysis
We developed a multiphoton therapy capable of precisely closing single blood vessels without affecting adjacent vessels or tissues.
- Angle-multiplexed all-dielectric metasurfaces for broadband molecular fingerprint retrieval
Angle-multiplexed dielectric metasurfaces enable sensitive molecular fingerprint detection without the need for spectrometry.
- Lysostaphin and BMP-2 co-delivery reduces S. aureus infection and regenerates critical-sized segmental bone defects
Use of BMP-2 and lysostaphin-loaded hydrogels simultaneously clears S. aureus infection and repairs bone defects.
- Visualization of ultrafast melting initiated from radiation-driven defects in solids
Radiation damage lowers the melting point of metal tungsten, an effect that needs to be reckoned with for fusion reactors.
- Specific ion effects directed noble metal aerogels: Versatile manipulation for electrocatalysis and beyond
Specific ion effects are demonstrated to create and flexibly manipulate noble metal aerogels for versatile applications.
- Atomic-scale structural identification and evolution of Co-W-C ternary SWCNT catalytic nanoparticles: High-resolution STEM imaging on SiO2
A microscopic technique has been established to identify the atomic structure of complex particles directly on silicon oxide.
- Mechanosensory circuits coordinate two opposing motor actions in Drosophila feeding
Mouth mechanoreception wires two distinct central motor circuits to facilitate and terminate Drosophila feeding.
- Highly selective electrochemical hydrogenation of alkynes: Rapid construction of mechanochromic materials
Electrochemical hydrogenation can convert alkynes to synthetically useful Z-alkenes under mild conditions.
- Ultraselective glassy polymer membranes with unprecedented performance for energy-efficient sour gas separation
Purification of massive sour natural gas resources is enabled by transformational glassy polymer membranes described herein.
- ARID1A spatially partitions interphase chromosomes
ARID1A is important for genome folding, spatial partitioning of interphase chromosomes, and intermixing of small chromosomes.
- Molecular mechanism and potential target indication of TAK-931, a novel CDC7-selective inhibitor
A next generation cancer drug candidate, a CDC7 inhibitor, TAK-931, was developed, which is being evaluated in clinical trials.
- Hoatzin nestling locomotion: Acquisition of quadrupedal limb coordination in birds
Hoatzin nestling locomotion suggests that bird transitional forms may have used a larger locomotor repertory.
- HspB1 phosphorylation regulates its intramolecular dynamics and mechanosensitive molecular chaperone interaction with filamin C
The molecular chaperone HspB1 regulates the biomechanical extension of the heart muscle protein filamin C upon stress.
- Experimental investigation of performance differences between coherent Ising machines and a quantum annealer
Benchmarking the coherent Ising machine and the D-Wave quantum annealer sheds light on the importance of connectivity.
- cAMP metabolism controls caspase-11 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in sepsis
Targeting immunometabolism is a strategy to prevent infection-mediated septic death.
- A mid-infrared biaxial hyperbolic van der Waals crystal
α-MoO3 is demonstrated as a mid-infrared biaxial hyperbolic crystal supporting in-plane phonon polaritons with concave wavefronts.
- A personalized platform identifies trametinib plus zoledronate for a patient with KRAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer
A novel Drosophila-based approach resulted in a significant response by a patient with KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer.
- Food antigens drive spontaneous IgE elevation in the absence of commensal microbiota
Food antigens drive spontaneous IgE elevation in the absence of microbiota by inducing IL-4–producing T follicular helper cells.
- Unravelling migration connectivity reveals unsustainable hunting of the declining ortolan bunting
Targeting bird migration connectivity adressed a pressing conservation policy question to save ortolan buntings.
- Carbon doping of WS2 monolayers: Bandgap reduction and p-type doping transport
Incorporating CH-groups into WS2 can tailor its opto-electronic properties, inducing p-type conduction and reducing its bandgap.
- Origami-based impact mitigation via rarefaction solitary wave creation
We demonstrate a counterintuitive mechanism of converting compressive impact to tensile waves in origami-based metamaterials.
- Colorectal tumor-on-a-chip system: A 3D tool for precision onco-nanomedicine
This colorectal tumor-on-chip model is an original and reliable platform for high-throughput drug screening and genetic expression.
- PDE1 inhibition facilitates proteasomal degradation of misfolded proteins and protects against cardiac proteinopathy
PDE1 inhibition enhances the proteasome and protects against proteinopathy and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
- Quick liquid packaging: Encasing water silhouettes by three-dimensional polymer membranes
Quick liquid wrapping of water silhouettes creates 3D polymeric membranes in a single step.
- Asymmetry in catalysis by Thermotoga maritima membrane-bound pyrophosphatase demonstrated by a nonphosphorus allosteric inhibitor
Novel inhibitors of membrane-bound pyrophosphatases unlock asymmetric conformations by binding near the exit channel.
- A high-spin ground-state donor-acceptor conjugated polymer
A conjugated polymer semiconductor was synthesized, which exhibits a high-spin ground state and robust stability.
Editorial
Reviews
- Approaching high-performance potassium-ion batteries via advanced design strategies and engineering
A general review proposes research strategies for overcoming essential issues in the research of potassium-ion batteries.
- Cancer-associated mutation and beyond: The emerging biology of isocitrate dehydrogenases in human disease
We review the contribution of altered isocitrate dehydrogenase activity to the pathogenesis of a broad spectrum of human disease.
Errata
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER In an editorial for Science Advances, Dr. Thomas Lovejoy heralds a feat of data gathering and analysis: the first official report of the International Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). This comprehensive assessment of the world's ecosystems is bleak. Once healthy biological communities that provided critical services to humans are greatly threatened. Among other findings, 75% of Earth's terrestrial environment, 40% of the marine environment, and 50% of streams and rivers have experienced extreme alteration from changes in land and sea use, direct exploitation of natural resources, climate change, and other threats. The first IPBES report will advocate wide-scale transformational change in environmental policy by illustrating both what we as a planet have already lost and what more we stand to lose. The messages in the IPBES report are reinforced in the 19 April Science Advances study, "A Global Deal For Nature: Guiding principles, milestones, and targets." In this work, the international scientists who proposed the Global Deal for Nature (GDN), an ambitious plan that aims to help ensure climate targets are met while species are conserved, lay out specific targets for this effort, first defined in 2017. Among the targets is protection of 30% of terrestrial Earth by 2030. "Linking the GDN and the Paris Agreement could solve the two major challenges facing the biosphere and all the species within it and result in a return to safe operating space for humanity," the authors say. [CREDIT: GREG ASNER AND NICK VAUGHN, ASU CENTER FOR GLOBAL DISCOVERY AND CONSERVATION SCIENCE]