Contents
March 2020
Vol 6, Issue 11
Vol 6, Issue 11
Contents
Research Articles
- Temporal circuit of macroscale dynamic brain activity supports human consciousness
Neuroimaging suggests that human consciousness relies on frequent access to default mode and dorsal attention brain networks.
- E. coli “super-contaminates” narrow ducts fostered by broad run-time distribution
Bacteria overcome distances comparable to the size of human organs, thanks to their wide motor switching statistics.
- Hyena paleogenomes reveal a complex evolutionary history of cross-continental gene flow between spotted and cave hyena
Westbury et al. reveal the genome-level evolutionary relationships between extinct cave and extant spotted hyena.
- Computationally aided, entropy-driven synthesis of highly efficient and durable multi-elemental alloy catalysts
We developed a computationally aided alloy synthesis in the multi-element space toward highly efficient and durable catalysts.
- ECRG4 regulates neutrophil recruitment and CD44 expression during the inflammatory response to injury
Leukocyte ECRG4 amplifies neutrophil recruitment and regulates CD44 expression to mediate inflammation in cutaneous injury.
- Multiplexed single-molecule enzyme activity analysis for counting disease-related proteins in biological samples
We established an ultrasensitive method for identifying enzymes in biological samples by multiplexed single-molecule enzymatic assay.
- Protein modification with ISG15 blocks coxsackievirus pathology by antiviral and metabolic reprogramming
Protein modification with ISG15 acts cooperatively with IFIT proteins and preserves glucose homeostasis.
- Platelet P-selectin initiates cross-presentation and dendritic cell differentiation in blood monocytes
Platelet-monocyte “adhesion synapse” initiates physiologic biogenesis of cross-presenting dendritic cells.
- A reconstituted mammalian APC-kinesin complex selectively transports defined packages of axonal mRNAs
In vitro reconstitutions reveal the essential components of a mammalian, cytoplasmic mRNA transport system and their functions.
- Soft, wireless periocular wearable electronics for real-time detection of eye vergence in a virtual reality toward mobile eye therapies
A device combining soft, wireless wearable electronics with virtual reality offers portable therapeutics for eye disorders.
- Inverse control of Rab proteins by Yersinia ADP-ribosyltransferase and glycosyltransferase related to clostridial glucosylating toxins
Two Yersinia toxins activate or inactivate Rab proteins involved in vesicle traffic by ADP-ribosylation or glycosylation.
- A statistical inference approach to reconstruct intercellular interactions in cell migration experiments
We propose a statistical inference approach designed to detect the presence of collective behavior in cell motility experiments.
- An array of 60,000 antibodies for proteome-scale antibody generation and target discovery
A massively parallel array of monoclonal antibodies enables rapid antibody development and target discovery across species.
- Magnetar formation through a convective dynamo in protoneutron stars
Strong field dynamos can explain magnetar formation consistently with the millisecond magnetar model for extreme explosions.
- Machine-knitted washable sensor array textile for precise epidermal physiological signal monitoring
A triboelectric all-textile sensor with high pressure sensitivity and comfort was been developed for health monitoring.
- The genome of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis): A taxonomically isolated species that directs wax ester accumulation in its seeds
New genomic resources for jojoba reveal insights into its phylogeny and the spatial differences of lipid synthesis and storage.
- Combining scaling relationships overcomes rate versus overpotential trade-offs in O2 molecular electrocatalysis
Combining two scaling relationships shows how to improve advanced electrochemical energy conversion catalysis.
- Rebound of self-lubricating compound drops
An oil shell encapsulating a water drop promotes rebound after impact on a solid surface, irrespective of substrate wettability.
- Tumor cell–organized fibronectin maintenance of a dormant breast cancer population
Barney et al. used biomaterials to uncover a role for fibronectin in preventing breast cancer cell escape from dormancy.
- Global crotonylome reveals CDYL-regulated RPA1 crotonylation in homologous recombination–mediated DNA repair
Large-scale crotonylome reveals CDYL-regulated crotonylation in diverse functions including RPA-mediated HR DNA repair.
- Quaternary climate changes as speciation drivers in the Amazon floodplains
Cyclical contractions and expansions of floodplain environments are linked to the evolution of Amazonian biodiversity.
- Multistage and passive cooling process driven by salinity difference
Net cooling flux and temperature difference shown in a static machine only driven by salty water solutions.
- Quartz, mica, and amphibole exsolution from majoritic garnet reveals ultra-deep sediment subduction, Appalachian orogen
Garnet textures and chemistry identify ultrahigh-pressure metasedimentary rocks.
- Single-cell mass cytometry reveals cross-talk between inflammation-dampening and inflammation-amplifying cells in osteoarthritic cartilage
This study defines a single-cell proteomic atlas of human OA cartilage to reveal rare subpopulations that stratify patients.
- Stratification relieves constraints from steric hindrance in the generation of compact actomyosin asters at the membrane cortex
Stratified assembly of active components drives a tight huddle of proteins on the membrane.
- Extracellular vesicle tetraspanin-8 level predicts distant metastasis in non–small cell lung cancer after concurrent chemoradiation
Extracellular vesicle Tspan8 levels in pretreatment serum from patients with NSCLC predict distant metastasis–free survival.
- Microbiome-derived carnitine mimics as previously unknown mediators of gut-brain axis communication
Discovery of novel bacterial metabolites reveals an unprecedented role for the microbiome in gut-brain axis communication.
- South Asian summer monsoon projections constrained by the interdecadal Pacific oscillation
The Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation offers hope for more reliable projections of near-term South Asian summer monsoon.
- Direct measurement of vertical forces shows correlation between mechanical activity and proteolytic ability of invadopodia
A microscopy technique based on interference of light measures the piconewton forces that cancer cells exert during invasion.
- Origins of the Mesoamerican ballgame: Earliest ballcourt from the highlands found at Etlatongo, Oaxaca, Mexico
The earliest ballcourt in highland Mexico comes from Etlatongo, Oaxaca, challenging lowland paradigms on the ballgame’s origins.
- The mechanism of Hsp90-induced oligomerizaton of Tau
The chaperone Hsp90 remodels the structural ensemble of Tau, resulting in the formation of potentially neurotoxic oligomers.
- Functional integration of “undead” neurons in the olfactory system
Undead neurons may underlie the evolution of new olfactory circuits.
- Exploiting species specificity to understand the tropism of a human-specific toxin
Overcoming the species specificity of the MRSA toxin LukAB with a novel mouse model establishes a role for LukAB in vivo.
- Terahertz quantum sensing
Quantum sensing enables the measurement of sample properties in the terahertz frequency range by detecting visible photons.
- The electronic thickness of graphene
The electronic thickness of graphene is measured by two capacitively coupled, atomically close graphene layers.
- In situ recruitment of regulatory T cells promotes donor-specific tolerance in vascularized composite allotransplantation
CCL22-releasing microparticles recruit suppressive immune cells to transplanted rat limbs to promote long-term graft survival.
- The fate of tropical forest fragments
Tropical forest loss increases as fragment size decreases, a relationship driven by primary forest loss.
- On the fate of oxygenated organic molecules in atmospheric aerosol particles
Real-time investigation of the intraparticle reactions in secondary organic aerosol.
- Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2) binds monoacylglycerols and modulates gut endocrine signaling and body weight
Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2) binds 2-monoacylglycerols affecting their intestinal levels and enteroendocrine responses.
- Primordial formation of major silicates in a protoplanetary disc with homogeneous 26Al/27Al
Primordial refractory silicates record evidence that aluminum-26 was efficiently mixed across different solar system sources.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Programmed cell death—in which unnecessary extra neurons are destroyed during neurodevelopment—typically limits the number of available neurons in the brain. Previous research suggests nervous systems evolve through surges in the number of available neurons, which enable higher sensitivity to signals from the environment. To explore how disrupting programmed cell death may result in a surplus of neurons that can boost a fruit fly's smell sensory system, Prieto-Godino et al. worked with flies missing a cluster of genes critical for the usual neuron death wave to occur. They labeled the designated survivors with a fluorescent marker, observing higher numbers of labeled cells in the mutant flies than in those experiencing usual programmed cell death. These cells integrated seamlessly with the brain's existing smell sensory system, displaying different properties than neurons never slated to die. The findings reveal the hidden evolutionary potential of ill-fated neurons, suggesting they may represent a reserve through which novel neuron types and neural circuits may evolve over time. Future research may explain how, precisely, shifts in this cellular process combine with other genetic changes to form new olfactory pathways. [CREDIT: EYE OF SCIENCE/SCIENCE SOURCE]
