Contents
April 2020
Vol 6, Issue 16
Vol 6, Issue 16
Contents
Research Articles
- Population phenomena inflate genetic associations of complex social traits
In this paper, we review and demonstrate how population phenomena can inflate genotype-phenotype associations.
- PHF20L1 as a H3K27me2 reader coordinates with transcriptional repressors to promote breast tumorigenesis
PHF20L1, a H3K27me2 reader, promotes breast tumorigenesis by cooperating with the PRC2/NuRD complex.
- Maternal exercise via exerkine apelin enhances brown adipogenesis and prevents metabolic dysfunction in offspring mice
Maternal exercise epigenetically programs brown/beige adipose tissue development and thermogenesis in offspring mice.
- Bypassing mitochondrial complex III using alternative oxidase inhibits acute pulmonary oxygen sensing
Signaling from the mitochondrial respiratory chain is essential for acute vascular oxygen sensing in the lung.
- Disordered hyperuniformity in two-dimensional amorphous silica
Two-dimensional amorphous silica exhibits a novel state of matter, disordered hyperuniformity, and enhanced electronic transport.
- Exceptional capacitive deionization rate and capacity by block copolymer–based porous carbon fibers
Block copolymer–based porous carbon fibers show ultrahigh capacity and rate for capacitive deionization.
- Compression of dynamic tactile information in the human hand
The mechanics of wave transmission in the human hand effect the preneuronal compression of tactile information.
- Glutathione dynamics determine the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells for graft-versus-host disease via CREB1-NRF2 pathway
Real-time monitoring of GSH dynamics demonstrates the functional roles of CREB1-NRF2 pathway in MSC therapeutic potency.
- Revealing in real-time a multistep assembly mechanism for SV40 virus-like particles
Acoustic force spectroscopy and optical tweezer experiments show a multistep assembly process for SV40 virus–like particles.
- Anthropogenic alteration of nutrient supply increases the global freshwater carbon sink
Lake burial of carbon has increased threefold over the last 150 years in response to human disruption of global nutrient cycles.
- On-demand regulation of photochromic behavior through various counterions for high-level security printing
A facile strategy was proposed to achieve tunable coloration rates by varying counterions in zinc complexes for security printing.
- Aβ deposition is associated with increases in soluble and phosphorylated tau that precede a positive Tau PET in Alzheimer’s disease
Aβ pathology may induce changes in soluble tau release and phosphorylation, which is later followed by tau aggregation.
- AI Feynman: A physics-inspired method for symbolic regression
Our physics-inspired algorithm for symbolic regression is able to discover complex physics equations from mere tables of numbers.
- Fully stabilized multi-TW optical waveform synthesizer: Toward gigawatt isolated attosecond pulses
A 0.24-μJ coherent soft x-ray supercontinuum is created by a fully stabilized 50-mJ three-channel optical waveform synthesizer.
- Commensal epitopes drive differentiation of colonic Tregs
Colonic commensal-derived antigens support expansion and differentiation of immunosupressive CD4 T cells.
- Three-dimensional vectorial holography based on machine learning inverse design
3D vectorial holography reconstructs an arbitrary 3D vectorial field–carrying wavefront using machine learning inverse design.
- Nanoparticle elasticity regulates phagocytosis and cancer cell uptake
The deformation of soft nanocapsules during cell binding and endocytosis leads to a lower cellular uptake than the stiff ones.
- Linking extracellular enzymes to phylogeny indicates a predominantly particle-associated lifestyle of deep-sea prokaryotes
Dominance of dissolved extracellular enzymes indicates that deep-sea prokaryotes are associated mainly with particulate matter.
- The deubiquitinase UCHL1 regulates cardiac hypertrophy by stabilizing epidermal growth factor receptor
UCHL1 positively regulates cardiac hypertrophy via stabilizing EGFR and highlighting it as a yet unknown therapeutic target.
- Density waves in shear-thickening suspensions
Flows during discontinuous shear-thickening transition are heterogeneous, unsteady, and loose azimuthal symmetry.
- Genomic mapping in outbred mice reveals overlap in genetic susceptibility for HZE ion– and γ-ray–induced tumors
Shared QTL for sporadic and γ-ray– and HZE ion–induced tumors supports use of the current NASA space radiation cancer risk model.
- Autonomous synthesis and assembly of a ribosomal subunit on a chip
Synthesis of ribosomal RNA and proteins from surface-tethered genes allows dynamic reconstruction of ribosome subunit biogenesis.
- Proof of concept for rational design of hepatitis C virus E2 core nanoparticle vaccines
An HCV vaccine strategy displays optimized E2 cores on nanoparticles for eliciting a cross-neutralizing B cell response.
- Cryo-EM structure of the human heteromeric amino acid transporter b0,+AT-rBAT
Cryo-EM structures of the b0,+AT-rBAT complex are revealed, providing clues for the substrate recognition and transport mechanism.
- 2.7 Å cryo-EM structure of rotavirus core protein VP3, a unique capping machine with a helicase activity
Rotavirus capping enzyme VP3 is a stable tetramer with unique RNA binding, RTPase, and RNA helicase activities.
- Nuclear actin regulates inducible transcription by enhancing RNA polymerase II clustering
Nuclear actin promotes the formation of inducible transcription factory, as a general mechanism of the rapid response to stimuli.
- Super-resolution nanoscopy by coherent control on nanoparticle emission
A coherent control strategy for super-resolution nanoscopy achieves resolution <50 nm in wide-field imaging.
- Self-testing nonprojective quantum measurements in prepare-and-measure experiments
Generalized measurements on quantum systems can be characterized with only small control of laboratory devices.
- Negative friction coefficient in microscale graphite/mica layered heterojunctions
Negative friction coefficient attributed to the water layer confined at the interface is observed on microscale.
- O-GlcNAc transferase promotes influenza A virus–induced cytokine storm by targeting interferon regulatory factor–5
IAV regulates inflammatory signaling via glucose metabolism.
- Super-resolution imaging reveals the nanoscale organization of metabotropic glutamate receptors at presynaptic active zones
Super-resolution imaging reveals close association between mGluR4, CaV2.1, and Munc-18-1 at cerebellar active zones.
- Formation of 2D and 3D multi-tori mesostructures via crystallization-driven self-assembly
Coil-crystalline polymer self-assembles and crystallizes in a solvent mixture to form giant multi-tori structures.
- Sperm DNA damage causes genomic instability in early embryonic development
Sperm cells with damaged DNA cause mitotic errors in the fertilized embryo, leading to a diverse spectrum of genomic abnormalities.
- Functional diversity of marine megafauna in the Anthropocene
Threatened marine megafauna have larger-than-expected contributions to functional diversity; a new index identifies key species.
- A 1000-year-old mystery solved: Unlocking the molecular structure for the medieval blue from Chrozophora tinctoria, also known as folium
A 1000-year-old mystery solved: The molecule behind the medieval blue from Chrozophora tinctoria, also known as folium.
- Minibands in twisted bilayer graphene probed by magnetic focusing
Detection of magnetic focusing peaks allows probing of minibands in the energy spectrum of twisted bilayer graphene.
- Cryo-EM structure of the Hedgehog release protein Dispatched
Structure of the Drosophila melanogaster Hedgehog release protein Dispatched reveals an open conformation of its ectodomain.
- Ultraprecise single-molecule localization microscopy enables in situ distance measurements in intact cells
Feedback SMLM achieves ultrahigh localization precision and in situ distance measurements on the biological relevant scales.
- Electro-actuated valves and self-vented channels enable programmable flow control and monitoring in capillary-driven microfluidics
Capillary networks controlled by simple low-voltage gates open up new possibilities for fluid delivery in point-of-care assays.
- Accretion of a large LL parent planetesimal from a recently formed chondrule population
LL chondrite cooling histories require a ≥150-km parent body and accretion concurrent with LL chondrule formation.
- Hawkmoth lamina monopolar cells act as dynamic spatial filters to optimize vision at different light levels
Hawkmoth lamina monopolar cells act as dynamic spatial filters to optimize vision at different light levels.
- Biomimetic anisotropic polymeric nanoparticles coated with red blood cell membranes for enhanced circulation and toxin removal
Red blood cell–mimicking nanoparticles with different shapes effectively soak up toxins from the blood to prevent sepsis.
- Molecular engineering of metal coordination interactions for strong, tough, and fast-recovery hydrogels
A strong, tough, and fast-recovery hydrogel is engineered by cooperative interactions between histidine-rich peptides and Zn2+.
- A highly sensitive and selective nanosensor for near-infrared potassium imaging
A highly sensitive and selective near-infrared excited potassium nanosensor has been developed for brain activity monitoring.
- A novel landscape of nuclear human CDK2 substrates revealed by in situ phosphorylation
A key cell cycle kinase targets novel landscape of substrates, including proteins that regulate chromatin and gene expression.
- Under oil open-channel microfluidics empowered by exclusive liquid repellency
Extreme wettability empowered under oil open-channel microfluidics bridges the gap between open- and closed-channel microfluidics.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Influenza A, a highly contagious virus that causes annual flu epidemics worldwide, has been shown to trigger excessive immune responses called "cytokine storms," which unleash inflammation that can result in hospitalization or even death. However, the mechanisms that promote cytokine storms, causing some individuals to suffer more from the flu than others, remain mysterious. Glucose metabolism and inflammatory cytokine signal networks are known to have evolved together, but it has been unclear whether they interact during flu infection. To learn whether glucose metabolism is related to the off-the-wall immune response brought on by influenza A, Wang et al. examined blood glucose levels and cytokine production in mice with the flu, finding that those treated with glucosamine produced significantly higher levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines than mice that did not receive glucosamine. The researchers also analyzed glucose in blood samples from patients diagnosed with influenza A and healthy patients, determining that the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, which metabolizes a small portion of glucose, plays an essential role in cytokine storms triggered by the flu virus. [CREDIT: KATERYNA KON/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY via Getty]
