Contents
May 2020
Vol 6, Issue 19
Vol 6, Issue 19
Contents
Research Articles
- Prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases with plant virus nanoparticles
We describe the design and testing of candidates for therapeutic autoimmune disease biopharmaceuticals built from plant viruses.
- TMEM16F phospholipid scramblase mediates trophoblast fusion and placental development
TMEM16F-mediated phospholipid flip-flop on cell surface facilitates syncytialization and placental development.
- Microwave quantum illumination using a digital receiver
A quantum radar prototype shows how quantum entanglement could help detect objects in noisy ambient conditions.
- The plant cuticle regulates apoplastic transport of salicylic acid during systemic acquired resistance
Transport of salicylic acid is important for systemic immunity and is regulated by osmotic pressure and cuticle permeability.
- Watching in situ the hydrogen diffusion dynamics in magnesium on the nanoscale
In situ nanoscale imaging of the hydride formation in magnesium unravels nanoscopic details of the phase transition dynamics.
- CRISPR-based gene editing enables FOXP3 gene repair in IPEX patient cells
Gene editing of FOXP3 ensures regulated expression and restored function in T cells, supporting clinical applicability.
- Surface-induced flow: A natural microscopic engine using infrared energy as fuel
You don’t always need pressure to propel flow through a tube.
- Bioinspired design of a robust d3-methylating agent
A robust d3-methylating agent DMTT has been developed, and its selectivity in d3-methylation of complex molecules evaluated.
- KAGUYA observation of global emissions of indigenous carbon ions from the Moon
KAGUYA observed global emissions of carbon ions from the Moon, which have possibly existed since its birth.
- The genetic architecture of a host shift: An adaptive walk protected an aphid and its endosymbiont from plant chemical defenses
A complex series of mutational events protected a mutualistic symbiosis during the shift of an insect to a toxic host plant.
- Life cycle of a cyanobacterial carboxysome
Single cell and organelle measurements reveal activity dynamics and degradation of the carbon-fixing cyanobacterial carboxysome.
- Carbon recycling efficiency and phosphate turnover by marine nitrifying archaea
Efficient thaumarchaeal chemoautotrophs recycle ~5% of remineralized C and P and release dissolved organics to the ocean.
- The emergence of heat and humidity too severe for human tolerance
Humid heat extremes are rapidly increasing and may have already briefly exceeded humans’ physiological survivability limit.
- The lightness of water vapor helps to stabilize tropical climate
An overlooked effect of water vapor has a profound impact on Earth’s energy balance.
- Three-dimensional self-assembly using dipolar interaction
It is possible to grow three-dimensional crystals with dipolar magnetic forces.
- Disrupting flight increases sleep and identifies a novel sleep-promoting pathway in Drosophila
We have identified a novel sleep regulatory pathway.
- A hexavalent Coxsackievirus B vaccine is highly immunogenic and has a strong protective capacity in mice and nonhuman primates
A proof-of-concept study shows the generation of an immunogenic hexavalent Coxsackie B virus vaccine that prevents disease.
- Exosome-templated nanoplasmonics for multiparametric molecular profiling
Biologically templated plasmonics enables simultaneous biophysical and biomolecular analysis of exosome biomarkers.
- Permafrost thawing puts the frozen carbon at risk over the Tibetan Plateau
A large quantity of soil organic carbon frozen in permafrost on the Tibetan Plateau will be at risk under future climate warming.
- Fast widefield imaging of neuronal structure and function with optical sectioning in vivo
Adaptive optics and structured illumination enables fast and accurate imaging of neuronal structure and function in vivo.
- Integrin-mediated adhesions in regulation of cellular senescence
βPIX and GIT control cellular senescence through integrin signaling.
- Axonal Na+ channels detect and transmit levels of input synchrony in local brain circuits
Detection and transmission of neuronal synchrony in the rat cortex is achieved by fast changes in action potential waveform.
- A biomimetic peptide recognizes and traps bacteria in vivo as human defensin-6
A biomimetic peptide recognizes and traps bacteria in vivo as human defensin-6 for inhibiting the invasion of host cells.
- Enhancing hydrogenation activity of Ni-Mo sulfide hydrodesulfurization catalysts
Simple acid treatment enhances catalytic activities and enables robust structure-function relations for transition metal sulfides.
- Magnetic field–driven assembly and reconfiguration of multicomponent supraparticles
We design the magnetic energy landscapes around microparticles and guide their assembly into low-symmetry clusters.
- Freezing and water availability structure the evolutionary diversity of trees across the Americas
Freezing temperatures and water availability shape the distribution of evolutionary lineages of angiosperm trees in the Americas.
- 3D printed Mg-NiTi interpenetrating-phase composites with high strength, damping capacity, and energy absorption efficiency
A 3D printed magnesium alloy with an interpenetrating NiTi phase shows remarkable strength, damping, and self-healing properties.
- Evolution of vegetation and climate variability on the Tibetan Plateau over the past 1.74 million years
Low- and high-latitude influences have shaped the evolution of the Tibetan Plateau climate over the past 1.74 million years.
- Tunable solidification of cornstarch under impact: How to make someone walking on cornstarch sink
An object plunging into a thickening suspension can be made to sink faster by applying orthogonal perturbations.
- Leveraging elastic instabilities for amplified performance: Spine-inspired high-speed and high-force soft robots
Bistable spined soft robots enable high-speed cheetah-like galloping and fast-speed swimming, as well as high-force manipulation.
- A persistent alcohol cue memory trace drives relapse to alcohol seeking after prolonged abstinence
Chemogenetic suppression of a neuronal ensemble that encodes a lasting alcohol cue memory attenuates cue-induced relapse.
- Cumulative effects of triadic closure and homophily in social networks
Dynamic interplay of choice homophily and triadic closure amplifies homophily and creates core-peripheries in social networks.
- Nanofibrillar networks enable universal assembly of superstructured particle constructs
Topological variety of robust networks from nanofibrils enables the formation of strong and tough particle constructs ubiquitously.
- Gene therapy for follistatin mitigates systemic metabolic inflammation and post-traumatic arthritis in high-fat diet–induced obesity
Follistatin gene therapy prevents obesity, metabolic disease, and post-traumatic osteoarthritis.
- Emergence of an equatorial mode of climate variability in the Indian Ocean
Greenhouse warming could activate a mode of climate variability in the Indian Ocean unprecedented in historical observations.
- Particle-based artificial three-dimensional stem cell spheroids for revascularization of ischemic diseases
Material technology can simulate hypoxic stem cells for vascular regeneration, providing new insights into synthetic biology.
- The convergence history of India-Eurasia records multiple subduction dynamics processes
Reunion plume push set in motion a sequence of events speeding up India, starting with initiation of double subduction.
- Haptic-feedback smart glove as a creative human-machine interface (HMI) for virtual/augmented reality applications
A haptic-feedback glove with triboelectric sensors and piezoelectric stimulators is developed for interaction in virtual space.
- A 3D human brain–like tissue model of herpes-induced Alzheimer’s disease
In vitro 3D human brain–like cultures infected with herpes virus develop Alzheimer’s disease characteristics.
- Design of defect-chemical properties and device performance in memristive systems
Impurities and dopants in memristive devices determine their switching kinetics, performance, and neuromorphic functionalities.
- Pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial calcium uniporter controls lung inflammation in cystic fibrosis
Mitochondrial therapy offers an alternative strategy for attenuation of hyperinflammation in cystic fibrosis lung disease.
- Activating transcription factor 3 coordinates differentiation of cardiac and hematopoietic progenitors by regulating glucose metabolism
ATF3 provides cardiac and hematopoietic progenitors with metabolic adaptive capacity for protection of differentiation potential.
- Nanoscale strain engineering of giant pseudo-magnetic fields, valley polarization, and topological channels in graphene
Nanoscale strain engineering of monolayer graphene is shown to achieve giant pseudo-magnetic fields and valley polarization.
- Defined lifestyle and germline factors predispose Asian populations to gastric cancer
Lifestyle and germline factors determine specific gastric carcinogenesis of East Asians.
- Programming PAM antennae for efficient CRISPR-Cas9 DNA editing
We develop a DNA origami–based platform to program a PAM antenna microenvironment for CRISPR editing at the single-molecule level.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Although scientists have been aware that miscommunication between the endoplasmic reticulum (which synthesizes proteins and lipids) and the mitochondria (which generates cell power) occurs in a number of degenerative and inflammatory-related diseases, it has remained unclear whether this disrupted crosstalk occurs in cystic fibrosis, a disease that damages the lungs and digestive system. Scientists have also been unsure whether calcium ion signaling, and autophagy are directly related to the pathogenic cascade that occurs in the lungs during cystic fibrosis. To better understand the mechanisms behind this disease, Rimessi et al. exposed different human bronchial cell models to P. aeruginosa, the bacterial agent of cystic fibrosis lung infections, from the airways of patients, finding an increase in interactions between cells from the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. They also exposed bronchial cells from patients with and without the disease to the bacteria for multiple hours, finding an increase in the expression of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria tethers in cells from patients with cystic fibrosis. Rimessi et al. found they could alleviate inflammatory response by inhibiting a mitochondrial calcium uniporter, resulting in a potential therapeutic strategy. [CREDIT: PHOTOSTOCK-ISRAEL/SCIENCE SOURCE]
