Contents
May 2020
Vol 6, Issue 20
Vol 6, Issue 20
Contents
Research Articles
- Cassowary gloss and a novel form of structural color in birds
An integrative approach reveals strategies for producing conspicuous structural coloration in feathers in a key avian lineage.
- Transient inhibition of mTOR in human pluripotent stem cells enables robust formation of mouse-human chimeric embryos
The study produces large amounts of mature human cells in mouse embryos, paving the way for making human organs in animals.
- Regulation and dynamics of force transmission at individual cell-matrix adhesion bonds
Fluorescent molecular tension sensors reveal the dynamics of force transmission at cellular adhesion complexes.
- Dlp-mediated Hh and Wnt signaling interdependence is critical in the niche for germline stem cell progeny differentiation
Proteoglycan-mediated Hh and Wnt signaling interdependence is required in the niche for stem cell progeny differentiation.
- Electrochemical oxidation-induced etherification via C(sp3)─H/O─H cross-coupling
An electrochemical oxidation-induced C(sp3)─H etherification strategy by using nonsolvent alcohols has been disclosed.
- The evolutionary origins of the cat attractant nepetalactone in catnip
Complementary clues from enzyme and genome evolution reveal how a mint turned into catmint.
- Direct evidence for efficient ultrafast charge separation in epitaxial WS2/graphene heterostructures
We reveal ultrafast charge separation in a WS2/graphene heterostructure possibly enabling optical spin injection into graphene.
- Inhibition of IRF5 cellular activity with cell-penetrating peptides that target homodimerization
The rational targeting of a transcription factor, interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), inhibits downstream functions.
- A multistage assembly/disassembly strategy for tumor-targeted CO delivery
Nano-mediated tumor tissue–cell–mitochondria–targeted multistage delivery and controlled release of CO augment therapy outcomes.
- Electron microscopy of nanoparticle superlattice formation at a solid-liquid interface in nonpolar liquids
Liquid-phase electron microscopy reveals how self-assembly of nanoparticle superlattices depends on the type of nonpolar solvent.
- Local sympathetic innervations modulate the lung innate immune responses
Local sympathetic innervations negatively modulate the LPS- or IL-33–elicited innate immune response in the lung.
- Bioinorganic hybrid bacteriophage for modulation of intestinal microbiota to remodel tumor-immune microenvironment against colorectal cancer
A strain of bioinorganic hybrid bacteriophage was screened to enhance the antitumor immune response of colorectal cancer.
- ATAC-seq identifies thousands of extrachromosomal circular DNA in cancer and cell lines
EccDNAs are hiding in plain sight in conventional ATAC-seq data.
- Heat-evolved microalgal symbionts increase coral bleaching tolerance
Coral bleaching tolerance can be enhanced through directed evolution of their microalgal symbionts.
- Yu-Shiba-Rusinov bands in ferromagnetic superconducting diamond
Ferromagnetic superconducting nanodiamond films show Yu-Shiba-Rusinov bands with an extraordinarily large spatial extent.
- Climate-driven aerobic habitat loss in the California Current System
Aerobic habitat mediates species responses to historical and future climate change in the California Current System.
- A distinct class of plant and animal viral proteins that disrupt mitosis by directly interrupting the mitotic entry switch Wee1-Cdc25-Cdk1
A distinct class of mitosis regulators, conserved between plant and animal viruses, play active roles in viral pathogenesis.
- Nanoscale optical pulse limiter enabled by refractory metallic quantum wells
Sub–100-nm metallic quantum well heterostructures are able to restrict optical pulses with the intensity up to 400 GW/cm2.
- Probing the chemistry of CdS paints in The Scream by in situ noninvasive spectroscopies and synchrotron radiation x-ray techniques
A two-length scale spectroscopic approach unveils the composition and degradation state of CdS paints in The Scream by Munch.
- A novel proangiogenic B cell subset is increased in cancer and chronic inflammation
A novel B cell subset that produces proangiogenic cytokines is increased in pathologies associated with angiogenesis.
- The RNA binding protein CPEB2 regulates hormone sensing in mammary gland development and luminal breast cancer
The RNA binding protein CPEB2 defines a new posttranscriptional layer in the hormone-driven gene-expression reprogramming.
- Altered d-glucose in brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid of early Alzheimer’s disease detected by dynamic glucose-enhanced MRI
d-glucose–enhanced MRI detects altered CSF flow and glucose utilization in early Alzheimer’s disease when plaque formation begins.
- Inconsistent sexual signaling degrades optimal mating decisions in animals
Inconsistent signaling alters the landscape of sexual selection by shielding low-quality males from selection.
- Designing exceptional gas-separation polymer membranes using machine learning
Designing advanced membrane materials with machine-assisted learning.
- Dissolved oxygen from microalgae-gel patch promotes chronic wound healing in diabetes
An oxygen-producing patch made from microalgae shows great potential to heal chronic wounds in diabetes.
- Food web controls on mercury fluxes and fate in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon
Species traits and trophic interactions drive contaminant flux and fate in linked river-riparian food webs.
- The activity of sulfono-γ-AApeptide helical foldamers that mimic GLP-1
The α-helix–mimicking sulfono-γ-AApeptides with entire unnatural backbone were reported as novel GLP-1R agonists.
- From force-responsive molecules to quantifying and mapping stresses in soft materials
Embedded spiropyran mechanophores reveal and quantitatively map stresses in soft materials by changing their color.
- Crystal structure of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein D bound to nectin-1 reveals the basis for its low-affinity binding to the receptor
BHV-1 gD structures reveal that viral ligand has a unique G-strand/α2-helix interloop interfering with nectin-1 binding.
- Pathological processes in aqueous humor due to iris atrophy predispose to early corneal graft failure in humans and mice
Pathological aqueous humor associated with iris atrophy leads to loss of corneal endothelial cells and corneal graft failure.
- Lidar reveals activity anomaly of malaria vectors during pan-African eclipse
Free flying mosquitoes in the Tanzanian countryside confused by eclipse were classified by novel laser radar surveillance.
- Versatile transgenic multistage effector-gene combinations for Plasmodium falciparum suppression in Anopheles
We assess the efficacy of an array of transgenic restriction factors in suppressing Plasmodium infection in the mosquito vector.
- The obesity-induced adipokine sST2 exacerbates adipose Treg and ILC2 depletion and promotes insulin resistance
We uncovered sST2 as an obesity-induced adipokine that exacerbates adipose Treg/ILC2 depletion and promotes insulin resistance.
- Topology control of human fibroblast cells monolayer by liquid crystal elastomer
Photopatterned liquid crystal elastomer templates living tissue with predesigned alignment patterns and topological defects.
- Spontaneous oscillations and negative-conductance transitions in microfluidic networks
We present microfluidic networks designed to exhibit nonlinear flow behaviors that enable new built-in flow control capabilities.
- Surrounded catalysts prepared by ion-exchange inverse loading
A reverse-design surrounded catalyst shows great potential as the upgrade of the traditional supported catalyst.
- Legionella effector AnkX displaces the switch II region for Rab1b phosphocholination
Using a chemical approach, the crystal structure of Legionella AnkX in complex with human Rab1b is obtained and characterized.
- Competition between PAF1 and MLL1/COMPASS confers the opposing function of LEDGF/p75 in HIV latency and proviral reactivation
LEDGF/p75 differentially regulates viral transcription during HIV latency and proviral reactivation.
- Self-driving laboratory for accelerated discovery of thin-film materials
An autonomous laboratory for thin film discovery is used to optimize the doping and annealing of organic semiconductors.
- Identification of distinct pathological signatures induced by patient-derived α-synuclein structures in nonhuman primates
Machine learning–based approach unravels distinct pathological signatures induced by patient-derived α-synuclein seeds in monkeys.
- A hydrodynamic analog of Friedel oscillations
We report a new classical analog of electron scattering from an impurity on a metal surface.
- Targeting pulmonary tumor microenvironment with CXCR4-inhibiting nanocomplex to enhance anti–PD-L1 immunotherapy
CXCR4 antagonistic nanocomplex regulates the immune process to enhance anti–PD-L1 immunotherapy.
- Dioxygen dissociation over man-made system at room temperature to form the active α-oxygen for methane oxidation
Highly active and stable inorganic material for dissociation of dioxygen and methane oxidation to methanol was developed.
Reviews
- Effect of structure: A new insight into nanoparticle assemblies from inanimate to animate
Previous studies overlooked dynamic properties of NP assemblies; therefore, we highlight recent advances in animate properties.
- Cenozoic sea-level and cryospheric evolution from deep-sea geochemical and continental margin records
Global mean sea level estimated for the Cenozoic using a new astronomically calibrated Pacific benthic foraminiferal δ18O splice.
Erratum
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Structural colors that arise from the branches within feathers, manifesting in a range of iridescent hues, have been observed in many modern-day birds but have never been reported in members of the palaeognath clade, which includes the cassowary. This large, flightless bird has a killer nail fitted to its second toe that often earns it the label "the world's most dangerous bird." To investigate the eye-catching feathers of this uninviting bird, Eliason and Clarke compared the reflectance ratios of 32 feathers from 17 palaeognath species. They used atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to understand the structural basis of cassowary sheen, finding that their feathers are not noticeably smoother than those of related species and that they possess no keratin film. This led the researchers to measure aspects of feather microstructure with light microscopy, noting the differences between shiny and matte species. Eliason and Clarke conclude that the cassowary achieves its luxuriously glossy plumage through modifications to feather shape, similar to the hair structure of some mammals with scale-like body covering. [CREDIT: JOEL SATORE-NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PHOTO ARK]
