Contents
June 2020
Vol 6, Issue 23
Vol 6, Issue 23
Contents
Research Articles
- Vascular disrupting agent induced aggregation of gold nanoparticles for photothermally enhanced tumor vascular disruption
Vascular disrupting agent mediated gold nanoparticles assembly for tumor vascular disruption with photothermal effect.
- Flexible learning, rather than inveterate innovation or copying, drives cumulative knowledge gain
Cumulative cultural evolution is driven by pragmatic individuals who know when to copy, innovate, explore, and take risks flexibly.
- The robustness of reciprocity: Experimental evidence that each form of reciprocity is robust to the presence of other forms of reciprocity
Multiple forms of reciprocity combine to shape prosociality.
- HIV envelope trimer-elicited autologous neutralizing antibodies bind a region overlapping the N332 glycan supersite
Strain-specific autologous neutralizing antibodies may compete with N332 supersite targeting broadly neutralizing precursors.
- Proximo-distal positional information encoded by an Fgf-regulated gradient of homeodomain transcription factors in the vertebrate limb
A transcription factor gradient conveys positional information in the vertebrate limb bud.
- CReP mediates selective translation initiation at the endoplasmic reticulum
CReP recruits translation machinery to the ER and promotes local translation during global protein synthesis repression.
- A VersaTile-driven platform for rapid hit-to-lead development of engineered lysins
We have developed a novel platform for engineered lysins to fill the preclinical pipeline of antimicrobials.
- Origin of micrometer-scale dislocation motion during hydrogen desorption
Hydrogen segregation at grain boundaries induces micrometer-scale dislocation motion.
- Beneficial metabolic role of β-arrestin-1 expressed by AgRP neurons
This study suggests that agents able to enhance the activity of β-arrestin-1 in AgRP neurons may be useful as antidiabetic drugs.
- Astrocyte dysfunction increases cortical dendritic excitability and promotes cranial pain in familial migraine
In familial migraine, dysfunction of nonneuronal cells alters frontal cortex physiology and promotes cranial pain.
- β-arrestin-1 suppresses myogenic reprogramming of brown fat to maintain euglycemia
Agents able to enhance the activity or levels of β-arrestin-1 in brown fat may prove useful as antidiabetic drugs.
- Molecular docking with Gaussian Boson Sampling
Photonic quantum devices called Gaussian Boson Samplers can be programmed to predict molecular docking configurations.
- Flux, toxicity, and expression costs generate complex genetic interactions in a metabolic pathway
Complex fitness interactions between alleles and expression-modulating environment are explained by a simple metabolic model.
- Large equatorial seasonal cycle during Marinoan snowball Earth
Seasonal cycle near the equator can be >30°C during a snowball Earth when the eccentricity of the Earth orbit is at its maximum.
- The effect of moiré superstructures on topological edge states in twisted bismuthene homojunctions
Moiré superstructure–induced edge state modulation has been observed in bismuthene homojunctions.
- Anti-twinning in nanoscale tungsten
Tungsten nanowires showed an unexpected anti-twinning phenomenon, which is strongly size-dependent.
- Two centuries of settlement and urban development in the United States
New spatiotemporal settlement data enable unprecedented examination of urban and regional change in the United States since 1810.
- Early isotopic evidence for maize as a staple grain in the Americas
We use carbon isotopes in human bone as the earliest direct evidence for maize as a staple grain in the Americas.
- Calcium isotopic evidence for the mantle sources of carbonatites
Melting of recycled carbonate in the mantle explains the origin of carbonatitic magmas.
- Continuous angle-tunable birefringence with freeform metasurfaces for arbitrary polarization conversion
Freeform metasurfaces couple the angle and polarization degrees of freedom, enabling new types of elliptical wave plates.
- Sequence-based engineering of dynamic functions of micrometer-sized DNA droplets
Fusion, fission, and formation of complex shapes of droplets made of DNA were controlled by a sequence design approach.
- Ultrathin water-stable metal-organic framework membranes for ion separation
An ultrathin porous membrane can completely separate ions from water.
- White nanolight source for optical nanoimaging
We created a nanoscale white light source, which realized a unique optical imaging and showed great potential for nanoscicence.
- Human interleukin-4–treated regulatory macrophages promote epithelial wound healing and reduce colitis in a mouse model
Human IL-4 macrophages promote epithelial wound recovery and suppress colitis, supporting their use as a cell therapy for IBD.
- NIH peer review: Criterion scores completely account for racial disparities in overall impact scores
Black-white disparities in preliminary peer review scores for NIH R01 grant applications are examined.
- ITCZ shift and extratropical teleconnections drive ENSO response to volcanic eruptions
Volcanic eruptions trigger ENSO response through shifts in the ITCZ and extratropical-to-tropical teleconnections.
- Subnanosecond phase transition dynamics in laser-shocked iron
Iron was shocked and probed at unprecedented time and strain rate to show all of its known structural types in 2.5 ns.
- Remote heteroepitaxy of GaN microrod heterostructures for deformable light-emitting diodes and wafer recycle
Remote epitaxy enables to fabricate flexible GaN micro-LED sticker releasable from wafer.
- Squalene-based multidrug nanoparticles for improved mitigation of uncontrolled inflammation in rodents
Delivering adenosine and antioxidants together could serve as an improved approach for the treatment of acute inflammation.
- Soft and ion-conducting hydrogel artificial tongue for astringency perception
Artificial tongue for astringency perception is demonstrated with a saliva-like chemiresistive ionic hydrogel.
- Reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages by targeting β-catenin/FOSL2/ARID5A signaling: A potential treatment of lung cancer
Targeting β-catenin–dependent gene regulation in macrophages may offer a new immunotherapeutic option in lung cancer.
- Phospholipid distribution in the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is highly asymmetric, dynamic, and cell shape-dependent
The cell shape of Gram-negative bacteria is maintained metabolically by asymmetric lipid distribution in biogenic plasma membrane.
- Long-term patterns of hillslope erosion by earthquake-induced landslides shape mountain landscapes
Large earthquakes shape mountain landscapes at high elevations.
- Phase-dependent redox insulation in mussel adhesion
Liquid-liquid phase separation provides oxidation-prone proteins with appreciable redox stability.
- Discovery of (meth)acrylate polymers that resist colonization by fungi associated with pathogenesis and biodeterioration
Anti-attachment materials that are sprayable and 3D-printable passively prevent colonization by harmful fungi.
- O-coordinated W-Mo dual-atom catalyst for pH-universal electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
The W1Mo1-NG dual-atom catalyst enables Pt-like activity and ultrahigh stability for hydrogen evolution reaction.
- Synthesis of site-specific antibody-drug conjugates by ADP-ribosyl cyclases
A new approach is developed for generating site-specific antibody-drug conjugates for targeted therapy.
- Chemical trigger toward phase separation in the aqueous Al(III) system revealed
Phase separation in the aqueous Al(III) system fundamentally relies on irreversible chemical changes in prenucleation clusters.
- VapBC22 toxin-antitoxin system from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is required for pathogenesis and modulation of host immune response
The VapBC22 toxin-antitoxin system regulates adaptation to oxidative stress and virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Estrogen induces dynamic ERα and RING1B recruitment to control gene and enhancer activities in luminal breast cancer
RING1B co-operates with ERα to regulate estrogen-mediated gene and enhancer activities and chromatin reorganization.
- Noninvasive in vivo 3D bioprinting
The subcutaneously injected bioink was noninvasively printed into customized living tissue constructs in situ.
- Water- and acid-stable self-passivated dihafnium sulfide electride and its persistent electrocatalytic reaction
Water- and acid-stable electride realizes a sustainable electrocatalytic reaction as an efficient solid-state electron source.
- Cryo-EM structure of NPF-bound human Arp2/3 complex and activation mechanism
A cryo-EM structure and functional study show that Arp2/3 complex activation requires NPF-mediated delivery of actin to both Arps.
- STK38 promotes ATM activation by acting as a reader of histone H4 ufmylation
STK38, a reader of histone H4 ufmylation, regulates ATM activation.
- Microfibers in oceanic surface waters: A global characterization
Contrary to global production, most fibers floating in the ocean are not synthetic but natural fibers of animal or plant origin.
- Crystal time-reversal symmetry breaking and spontaneous Hall effect in collinear antiferromagnets
Identification of a previously overlooked spontaneous Hall effect mechanism creates opportunities in low-dissipation spintronics.
- Nitrogen in black phosphorus structure
We synthesized a new allotrope of nitrogen, providing prospects for nitrogen-based high-energy-density materials and 2D materials.
- Coherent oscillations of a levitated birefringent microsphere in vacuum driven by nonconservative rotation-translation coupling
Coupling between the rotational and translational motions of an optically levitated microsphere leads to coherent oscillations.
Editorials
Technical Comments
- Do GRE scores help predict getting a physics Ph.D.? A comment on a paper by Miller et al.
A Science Advances paper concluding that GREs do not predict who gets a physics Ph.D. raises many statistical questions.
- Response to comment on “Typical physics Ph.D. admissions criteria limit access to underrepresented groups but fail to predict doctoral completion”
Additional analysis confirms that GRE-Q and GRE-P scores have limited reliability in predicting Ph.D. completion in physics.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Previous research has shown that maize was first domesticated roughly 9,000 years ago, and prior isotopic studies have indicated that the crop reached staple status throughout much of Mesoamerica by about 3,000 years ago. But anthropologists have so far been unable to determine exactly when and how quickly this transition occurred, due to a lack of evidence of direct consumption. Kennett et al. addressed this knowledge gap by studying two relatively dry and well-preserved sites, named Mayahak Cab Pek and Saki Tzul, that together provide a largely uninterrupted 10,000-year record of human remains. Here, they found 52 individuals buried at a wide range of depths within the shelters. The researchers determined each individual's level of maize consumption by leveraging a defining characteristic of maize: unlike most other consumable forage plants native to the region, maize employs the relatively rare C4 photosynthetic pathway. This metabolic quirk imparts a distinct carbon isotopic fingerprint, which is preserved in both the collagen proteins and apatite minerals in the bones of maize consumers. The results indicate that maize began to take on an increasingly important dietary role for humans in Mesoamerica roughly 4,700 years ago, and within 700 years it had become a true staple crop, accounting for as much as 70% of total diet. [CREDIT: MICHAEL CLUTSON/SCIENCE SOURCE]
