Contents
September 2020
Vol 6, Issue 36
Vol 6, Issue 36
Contents
Research Articles
- Three-dimensional structure of 22 uncultured ssRNA bacteriophages: Flexibility of the coat protein fold and variations in particle shapes
Capsid structures reveal a remarkable structural diversity among small bacterial RNA viruses.
- Histone exchange is associated with activator function at transcribed promoters and with repression at histone loci
Histone turnover during gene transcription is mediated by regulatory proteins, not by the transcription machinery.
- A trusted node–free eight-user metropolitan quantum communication network
An eight-user fully connected and scalable city-wide quantum communication network can be a basis for the future quantum internet.
- Unprecedented reduction and quick recovery of the South Indian Ocean heat content and sea level in 2014–2018
Remote and local forcing led to unprecedented drop and quick recovery in the South Indian Ocean heat content.
- Meiotic chromosome synapsis depends on multivalent SYCE1-SIX6OS1 interactions that are disrupted in cases of human infertility
Synaptonemal complex assembly depends on multivalent protein interactions between SYCE1 and SIX6OS1.
- DSCAM regulates delamination of neurons in the developing midbrain
DSCAM regulates neuronal delamination from the ventricular surface by suppressing RapGEF2/Rap1 and N-cadherin.
- A Janus emitter for passive heat release from enclosures
A thermal emitter with selective and broadband emission on different sides can mitigate greenhouse effect in hot enclosures.
- Widespread hematite at high latitudes of the Moon
Moon orbital data analysis reveals the unexpected presence of Hematite, an oxidization product under highly reducing conditions.
- Ancient Beringian paleodiets revealed through multiproxy stable isotope analyses
Stable isotope analyses show that Ancient Beringian diets were seasonally structured and included substantial summer salmon.
- Excitation of San Andreas tremors by thermal instabilities below the seismogenic zone
Thermal instabilities below the seismogenic zone by shear heating and temperature-weakening friction drive slow slip, tremors.
- The past and future human impact on mammalian diversity
Human driven extinctions of recent past pale in comparison to future predictions, as a major global extinction wave is unfolding.
- Revealing the in vivo growth and division patterns of mouse gut bacteria
d-amino acid–based in vivo metabolic labeling and FISH enable visualization of how different bacteria grow and divide in the gut.
- Dose-dependent effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation on spike timing in awake nonhuman primates
Transcranial alternating current stimulation increases neural spike entrainment and burstiness in the awake primate brain.
- PhenoChip: A single-cell phenomic platform for high-throughput photophysiological analyses of microalgae
PhenoChip enables the rapid characterization of unicellular photosynthetic phenotypes under user-defined physicochemical conditions.
- A “Global Safety Net” to reverse biodiversity loss and stabilize Earth’s climate
The “Global Safety Net” shows where nature could be conserved and connected to reverse biodiversity loss and stabilize climate.
- Predicting delayed instabilities in viscoelastic solids
Describing creep using instantaneous rest lengths explains instabilities in viscoelastic solids and predicts future stability.
- Low-cost measurement of face mask efficacy for filtering expelled droplets during speech
A simple method was developed for evaluating the efficacy of face masks to reduce respiratory droplet emission during speaking.
- A tumor-to-lymph procedure navigated versatile gel system for combinatorial therapy against tumor recurrence and metastasis
In situ vaccine–based combinatorial therapy induced potent tumor-specific immunity against tumor recurrence and metastasis.
- Functional properties of habenular neurons are determined by developmental stage and sequential neurogenesis
Sequential neurogenesis determines the functional properties of habenular neurons.
- On-site identification of ozone damage in fruiting plants using vapor-deposited conducting polymer tattoos
Vapor-deposited polymer tattoos enable on-site monitoring of ozone-induced oxidative damage in fruiting plants.
- Primary cilium-dependent cAMP/PKA signaling at the centrosome regulates neuronal migration
The primary cilium regulates neuronal migration via cyclic AMP production activating protein kinase A at the centrosome.
- The small effects of political advertising are small regardless of context, message, sender, or receiver: Evidence from 59 real-time randomized experiments
Campaign persuasion operates with notable consistency across political parties, message tone, and information environment.
- GSH depletion liposome adjuvant for augmenting the photothermal immunotherapy of breast cancer
Maleimide liposomes capable of GSH depletion acted as the adjuvant for augmenting the photothermal immunotherapy of breast cancer.
- Regulating the absorption spectrum of polydopamine
This work demonstrates a strategy to regulate the absorption spectrum of polydopamine via macromolecular structural tailoring.
- Bioinspired liquid gating membrane-based catheter with anticoagulation and positionally drug release properties
We introduced a liquid gating membrane-based catheter system with anticoagulation and positionally drug release properties.
- Creation of skyrmions in van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 on (Co/Pd)n superlattice
Néel-type skyrmions in van der Waals ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2 on (Co/Pd)n superlattice were created without external magnetic field.
- Tumor repolarization by an advanced liposomal drug delivery system provides a potent new approach for chemo-immunotherapy
Liposomal oxaliplatin remodels the tumor microenvironment and potentiate TLR-agonist–mediated immune responses in cancer.
- Novel fractionated ultrashort thermal exposures with MRI-guided focused ultrasound for treating tumors with thermosensitive drugs
Focused ultrasound mild heating in short durations has an antitumor effect when combined with temperature-sensitive chemotherapy.
- Anisotropic ultrasensitive PdTe2-based phototransistor for room-temperature long-wavelength detection
PdTe2-based photodetectors reveal anisotropic and highly efficient intraband photocurrents at long wavelength.
- Autonomous robotic nanofabrication with reinforcement learning
Intelligent learning agent controls a scanning probe microscope and masters a nanoscale robotic task of molecule manipulation.
- Reprogramming competence of OCT factors is determined by transactivation domains
Transactivation domains and their functional features render OCT proteins with different reprogramming competences.
- Biaxiality-driven twist-bend to splay-bend nematic phase transition induced by an electric field
An electric field–induced, symmetry-breaking, transition from NTB to NSB nematics reveals the importance of local biaxiality.
- Globally deimmunized lysostaphin evades human immune surveillance and enables highly efficacious repeat dosing
A deimmunized lysostaphin biotherapy evades detrimental antidrug immune reactions and has improved efficacy for MRSA infections.
- Paternal deprivation impairs social behavior putatively via epigenetic modification to lateral septum vasopressin receptor
Family context and co-parent rapport alter caregiving and shape epigenetic modification in the brain and behavior of offspring.
- Live-cell imaging and analysis reveal cell phenotypic transition dynamics inherently missing in snapshot data
Live-cell imaging in multidimensional feature space reveals parallel transition paths of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
- Parabrachial neuron types categorically encode thermoregulation variables during heat defense
Two key brainstem neuron types were identified for heat defense, fever limiting, energy expenditure, and body weight control.
- Macro- and microstructural changes in cosmonauts’ brains after long-duration spaceflight
Spaceflight causes persisting sensorimotor neuroplasticity and reversible gray matter morphological changes.
- High sensitivity of Bering Sea winter sea ice to winter insolation and carbon dioxide over the last 5500 years
Anthropogenic CO2 emissions and long-term winter insolation forcing drive Bering Sea ice extent to lowest in the last 5,500 years.
- Asphalt-related emissions are a major missing nontraditional source of secondary organic aerosol precursors
Laboratory and field observations of organic compound emissions reveal a previously unknown source of reactive pollution precursors.
Review
- Dynamic plasmonic color generation enabled by functional materials
Recent advances in the field of dynamic plasmonic color generation are discussed in view of potential display applications.
Editorial
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER As nations worldwide have instituted mask mandates to curb the spread of COVID-19, global commercial suppliers have encountered shortages in the face of unprecedented demand. To compensate, many people have turned to homemade masks and mask alternatives, but these do-it-yourself versions have not been tested systematically. To evaluate the effectiveness of 14 different types of masks and other frequently substituted face coverings, Fischer et al. designed a simple approach in which either one male speaker or, in some cases, four speakers wore each mask while standing in a dark enclosure. The speaker would say the phrase "stay healthy, people" five times in the direction of a laser beam, which scattered light from the droplets released during speech. A cell phone camera recorded the droplets and a simple computer algorithm counted them. The setup was intentionally designed to be simple and inexpensive so it could be replicated by non-experts. While the authors note their work is still in the early stages, and their method has so far only been tested in a small group of people, these preliminary, proof-of-principle findings suggest that professional-grade N95 masks, surgical or polypropylene masks, and handmade cotton masks may all block much of the spray produced when wearers speak. The early findings suggest that bandanas and neck fleeces (like balaclavas), however, likely provide little protection. [CREDIT: Viktoria Kazakova/Shutterstock adapted by C. SMITH/SCIENCE ADVANCES]
