Contents
October 2020
Vol 6, Issue 41
Vol 6, Issue 41
Contents
Research Articles
- Spatial localization of charged molecules by salt ions in oil-confined water microdroplets
Salt ions promote heterogeneous localization of charged molecules toward the interface of aqueous microdroplets in oil.
- Evolution and effects of the social-ecological system over a millennium in China’s Loess Plateau
The evolutionary phases of the social-ecological system in China’s Loess Plateau over a millennium are identified.
- Self-regulated hirudin delivery for anticoagulant therapy
Polymeric nanogel with on-demand release of hirudin prevents and inhibits clot formation.
- Potassium isotope anomalies in meteorites inherited from the protosolar molecular cloud
Potassium, a moderately volatile element, shows presolar isotopic heterogeneity in meteorites.
- Designing hierarchical nanoporous membranes for highly efficient gas adsorption and storage
Hierarchical membranes with a “meatball sandwich” structure promise high adsorption capacities for VOC removal and H2 storage.
- Self-standing and flexible covalent organic framework (COF) membranes for molecular separation
2D COFs fabricated from interface-confined reaction have the honeycomb lattice for nanofiltration.
- Cortical and striatal circuits together encode transitions in natural behavior
Corticostriatal circuits encode action sequencing in natural behavior.
- Molecular origin of negative component of Helmholtz capacitance at electrified Pt(111)/water interface
Change in water chemisorption in response to electrode potential leads to negative capacitance in electric double layer.
- What sets river width?
The width of river channels is controlled by the resistance to erosion of the most difficult to erode material lining the channel.
- Coherent Förster resonance energy transfer: A new paradigm for electrically driven quantum dot random lasers
A previously unexplored paradigm enables electrically driven quantum dot random lasers.
- Electrically controllable router of interlayer excitons
Electrically controllable excitonic transistor and router based on bilayer WSe2 have been demonstrated.
- Solar irradiance and ENSO affect food security in Lake Tanganyika, a major African inland fishery
Geochemical and paleoecological data reveal that solar irradiance and La Niña control Lake Tanganyika’s pelagic food web.
- Fine structural tuning of the assembly of ECM peptide conjugates via slight sequence modifications
The thermoresponsiveness and structures of peptide-based nanocarriers can be altered to enable versatile mechanisms of cargo delivery.
- Heterogeneous mass distribution of the rubble-pile asteroid (101955) Bennu
The asteroid (101955) Bennu has a heterogeneous internal mass distribution with an underdense center and equatorial bulge.
- Extrinsic noise prevents the independent tuning of gene expression noise and protein mean abundance in bacteria
Gene expression noise cannot be tuned independently of protein mean abundance for most bacterial genes.
- Hemispherical differences in the shape and topography of asteroid (101955) Bennu
A lidar model of asteroid (101955) Bennu has a north-south asymmetry in shape and evidence of an early partial disruption.
- Asteroid (101955) Bennu’s weak boulders and thermally anomalous equator
Heterogeneous thermal properties of Bennu are due primarily to spatial mixing of two boulder types with differing strengths.
- Spatial inequalities leave micropolitan areas and Indigenous populations underserved by informal STEM learning institutions
Investments in informal STEM should target underserved counties to reach populations underrepresented in STEM careers.
- Early development of the Neanderthal ribcage reveals a different body shape at birth compared to modern humans
Neanderthal infants had a short and deep ribcage that was genetically determined and able to sustain the high metabolism of their massive bodies.
- Multichannel parallel processing of neural signals in memristor arrays
Memristor array provides a scalable and power-efficient platform for parallel processing of multichannel neural signals.
- Dole effect as a measurement of the low-latitude hydrological cycle over the past 800 ka
Changes in the isotope composition of atmospheric O2 are mainly controlled by rainfall intensity over tropical lands.
- Injectable, photoresponsive hydrogels for delivering neuroprotective proteins enabled by metal-directed protein assembly
Injectable, photoresponsive protein hydrogels engender neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in optic nerves.
- Nuclear WRAP53 promotes neuronal survival and functional recovery after stroke
Ischemia-induced WRAP53 nuclear accumulation promotes DNA damage repair resulting in functional recovery after stroke.
- The circadian dynamics of the hippocampal transcriptome and proteome is altered in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy
The cycling of hippocampal genes during the night and day cycle is altered in epilepsy.
- Restoration of seagrass habitat leads to rapid recovery of coastal ecosystem services
A total of 3612 ha of seagrass habitat was restored to the Virginia coast along with services like blue carbon and fisheries.
- Rare earth element mobility in and around carbonatites controlled by sodium, potassium, and silica
Rare earths concentrate by complexing with alkalis in carbonatite-derived hydrothermal fluids.
- Solution NMR readily reveals distinct structural folds and interactions in doubly 13C- and 19F-labeled RNAs
19F-13C spy couple enables NMR visualization of long-lived signals of large RNA structures, folds, and drug binding pockets.
- Untangling impacts of global warming and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation on long-term variability of North Pacific tropical cyclone track density
Untangle the impacts of global warming and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation on tropical cyclone track over the North Pacific.
- A universal scaling law of mammalian touch
Across mammals, vibration mechanoreceptors are located at a universally scaled depth.
- Blood-brain barrier–penetrating siRNA nanomedicine for Alzheimer’s disease therapy
Glycosylated “triple-interaction” stabilized siRNA nanomedicine ameliorated AD neuropathology by targeting BACE1.
- Dietary thiamine influences l-asparaginase sensitivity in a subset of leukemia cells
Plasma thiamine concentrations affect l-asparaginase sensitivity of leukemia cells deficient for thiamine uptake.
- Propagating bands of plastic deformation in a metal alloy as critical avalanches
Portevin–Le Chatelier deformation bands obey predictions of a simple mean-field model of critical avalanche dynamics.
- ROS-responsive chitosan-SS31 prodrug for AKI therapy via rapid distribution in the kidney and long-term retention in the renal tubule
An SS31 prodrug improved AKI therapy via rapid distribution in the kidney and long-term retention in the renal tubule.
- Acceptor plane expansion enhances horizontal orientation of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters
An acceptor plane expansion approach is demonstrated to selectively improve horizontal dipole orientation of TADF emitters.
- A unique route of colloidal phase separation yields stress-free gels
We show a unique route of colloid gelation where topological percolation generates little mechanical stress.
- Are small farms more performant than larger ones in developing countries?
Small farms tend to be less profitable and efficient than larger ones, questioning development strategies in the long run.
- Spatial and temporal variations in global soil respiration and their relationships with climate and land cover
Land-cover change exerts more influence on soil respiration in boreal and temperate regions than climate change.
- Harnessing the topotactic transition in oxide heterostructures for fast and high-efficiency electrochromic applications
High-speed, high-performance electrochromic devices can be designed using unique solid-solid phase changes induced by oxygen flow.
- Speed of sound from fundamental physical constants
Fundamental physical constants provide the upper bound for the speed of sound in condensed matter phases.
- Generating spatially entangled itinerant photons with waveguide quantum electrodynamics
We experimentally demonstrate a new method of generating entangled itinerant photons using waveguide quantum electrodynamics.
- Meniscus-controlled printing of single-crystal interfaces showing extremely sharp switching transistor operation
A printing technique of organic semiconductor crystal films enables extremely sharp switching transistor operation.
- A 3D atlas of the dynamic and regional variation of pancreatic innervation in diabetes
Three-dimensional mapping of pancreatic innervation shows rapid remodeling of islet innervation in mouse and human diabetes.
- Superficial white matter imaging: Contrast mechanisms and whole-brain in vivo mapping
Superficial white matter mapping provides the foundation for systematic studies of this crucial structure.
- A sleep-like state in Hydra unravels conserved sleep mechanisms during the evolutionary development of the central nervous system
The brain-less freshwater polyp Hydra controls sleep-wake cycles by mechanisms conserved or reprogrammed among animal species.
- Cryo-EM and MD infer water-mediated proton transport and autoinhibition mechanisms of Vo complex
A 2.7-Å cryo-EM structure and MD simulations explain water-mediated H+ transport and autoinhibition of yeast Vo proton channel.
- NAD+-mediated rescue of prenatal forebrain angiogenesis restores postnatal behavior
Prenatal NAD+ treatment can rescue abnormal brain development and prevent the origin of mental illness.
- 3D printed self-supporting elastomeric structures for multifunctional microfluidics
3D printed self-supporting microfluidics can be directly integrated with sensors and implemented on curvilinear surfaces.
Review
- Cenozoic evolution of the steppe-desert biome in Central Asia
The steppe-desert is much older than previously thought, but has evolved substantially from the Paleogene to the present.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Though awareness of human-caused degradation to coastal environments has grown in recent years, many restoration studies have included only short-term monitoring and have focused on increasing plant biomass, failing to report on the secondary benefits produced by healthy ecosystems. To revive four bays on Virginia's Eastern Shore, each of which had lost its meadows of eelgrass by 1933 due to slime mold and a devastating hurricane, Robert Orth and colleagues developed a more comprehensive approach. Orth et al. determined that seed availability was the primary impediment to the habitat's restoration. Since 2001, the researchers and citizen volunteers have broadcast 74.5 million eelgrass seeds in 536 plots covering 213 hectares. Over time, seeds from adult plants in the restoration plots dispersed naturally into the surrounding ecosystem, resulting in 3,612 hectares of new vegetation to date. As a result, the meadows' turbidity levels have decreased, indicating healthier water. Meanwhile, stocks of carbon and nitrogen sequestered in mature seagrass sediments are 30% and 120% higher, respectively, than those in newly colonized sediments. Populations of silver perch, scallops, and other fauna have also increased rapidly. [CREDIT: WILL PARSON/CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM CC BY-NC 2.0]
