Figures
Fig. 1 Map of the location of dated Clovis sites. Clovis sites with credible ages (red circles): Jake Bluff, OK (1); Cactus Hill, VA (2); Colby, WY (3); Sheriden Cave, OH (4); Lange-Ferguson, SD (5); Shawnee-Minisink, PA (6); Domebo, OK (7); Anzick, MT (8); Dent, CO (9); La Prele, WY (10); Clovis sites with equivocal ages (blue triangles): Blackwater Draw, NM (11); Lehner, AZ (12); Murray Springs, AZ (13); East Wenatchee, WA (14); Aubrey, TX (15); El Fin Del Mundo, Mexico (16); Paleo Crossing, OH (17); Sloth Hole, FL (18). Dated sites proposed to be Clovis (yellow diamond): Casper, WY (19); Sheaman, WY (20). Color overlays on the North American map indicate high (brown), moderate (orange), and low (yellow) densities of Clovis occupations (4). Rocky Mountains (purple). Laurentide and Cordilleran Ice Sheets (white) at ~12,500 cal yr B.P. (4).
Tables
- Table 1 Radiocarbon dates from Clovis sites.
Site Date Calibrated date Laboratory number Material dated Remarks 14C yr B.P. cal yr B.P.* Lange-Ferguson, SD 11,110 ± 40 13,095–12,990 UCIAMS-11345 Mammoth bone (XAD) Dent, CO 11,065 ± 35 13,075–12,930 UCIAMS-11339 Mammoth bone (XAD) 10,940 ± 30 12,885–12,770 UCIAMS-11340 Mammoth bone (XAD) 10,960 ± 35 12,905–12,780 UCIAMS-116403 Mammoth bone (XAD) 11,055 ± 50 13,070–12,925 OxA-X-2736-11 Mammoth bone
(hydroxyproline)11,155 ± 50 13,160–13,005 OxA-X-2736-12 Mammoth bone
(hydroxyproline)Average 11,010 ± 15 12,970–12,845 Domebo, OK 10,960 ± 30 12,905–12,820 UCIAMS-11341 Mammoth bone (XAD) Shawnee-Minisink, PA 10,940 ± 90 12,960–12,755 Beta-101935 Carbonized Hawthorn
seed (Crataegus)Hearth 10,900 ± 40 12,830–12,760 Beta-127162 Carbonized Hawthorn
seed (Crataegus)Hearth 10,820 ± 50 12,815–12,730 Beta-203865 Carbonized Hawthorn
seed (Crataegus)Hearth 10,915 ± 25 12,830–12,770 UCIAMS-24865 Carbonized Hawthorn
seed (Crataegus)Hearth 11,020 ± 30 13,050–12,850 UCIAMS-24866 Carbonized Hawthorn
seed (Crataegus)Hearth 10,970 ± 50 12,925–12,770 OxA-1731 Carbonized Hawthorn
seed (Crataegus)Hearth Average 10,940 ± 15 12,885–12,770 Sheriden Cave, OH 10,915 ± 30 12,830–12,770 UCIAMS-38249 Bone (XAD) Bone point La Prele, WY 11,035 ± 50 13,065–12,900 OxA-X-2736-14 Mammoth bone
(hydroxyproline)10,965 ± 30 12,910–12,825 UCIAMS-206764 Mammoth bone (XAD) Average 10,985 ± 25 12,915–12,835 Colby, WY 10,790 ± 30 12,750–12,735 UCIAMS-11342 Mammoth bone (XAD) Bone pile 2 10,950 ± 30 12,895–12,775 UCIAMS-11343 Mammoth bone (XAD) Bone pile 2 Average 10,870 ± 20 12,820–12,800 Jake Bluff, OK 10,750 ± 40 12,745–12,720 CAMS-79940 Bison tooth (XAD) 10,840 ± 45 12,820–12,735 CAMS-90968 Bison bone (XAD) 10,700 ± 45 12,735–12,690 CAMS-90969 Bison bone (XAD) 10,810 ± 25 12,755–12,740 UCIAMS-61657 Bison bone (XAD) 10,885 ± 35 12,820–12,760 UCIAMS-59874 Bison bone (XAD) Average 10,820 ± 10 12,755–12,745 Anzick, MT 10,915 ± 50 12,880–12,760 OxA-X-2739-54 Human bone
(hydroxyproline)Anzick-1 cranium 11,025 ± 30 13,055–12,895 UCIAMS-61661 Elk (XAD) Foreshaft 10,900 ± 50 12,835–12,755 OxA-X-2739-55 Elk (hydroxyproline) Foreshaft 11,050 ± 55 13,070–12,920 OxA-X-2739-56 Elk (hydroxyproline) Foreshaft Average 10,985 ± 20 12,905–12,840 Cactus Hill, VA 10,860 ± 60 12,825–12,745 Beta-266341 Charcoal Hearth 10,840 ± 40 12,820–12,740 Beta-206060 Charcoal Hearth 10,810 ± 40 12,760–12,730 Beta-233642 Charcoal Hearth 10,890 ± 40 12,825–12,760 Beta-233643 Charcoal Hearth 10,910 ± 40 12,835–12,760 Beta-210651 Charcoal Hearth Average 10,860 ± 20 12,820–12,745 *Ages calibrated using IntCal20, Calib 8.1 (9).
- Table 2 Radiocarbon dates from Murray Springs and Lehner, Arizona.
Radiocarbon dates from Murray Springs and Lehner, Arizona..
Site Date Calibrated date Laboratory
numberMaterial dated Remarks 14C yr B.P. cal yr B.P.* Murray Springs 11,190 ± 180 13,290–12,905 SMU-18 Charcoal Dispersed 11,150 ± 450 13,585–12,620 A-805 Charcoal Dispersed 11,080 ± 180 13,160–12,825 TX-1413 Charcoal Dispersed 10,930 ± 170 13,055–12,745 TX-1462 Charcoal Dispersed 10,890 ± 180 13,055–12,725 SMU-27 Charcoal Dispersed 10,840 ± 70 12,825–12,735 SMU-41 Charcoal Dispersed 10,840 ± 140 12,960–12,690 SMU-42 Charcoal Dispersed 10,710 ± 160 12,835–12,480 TX-1459 Charcoal Dispersed 10,760 ± 100 12,825–12,675 A-1045 Charcoal Hearth Lehner 11,470 ± 110 13,455–13,240 SMU-308 Charcoal Dispersed 11,170 ± 200 13,240–12,845 SMU-264 Charcoal Dispersed 11,080 ± 200 13,160–12,780 SMU-181 Charcoal Dispersed 11,080 ± 230 13,160–12,770 SMU-196 Charcoal Dispersed 10,950 ± 90 12,965–12,760 SMU-290 Charcoal Dispersed 10,950 ± 110 12,970–12,755 SMU-194 Charcoal Dispersed 10,940 ± 100 12,965–12,755 A-378 Charcoal Dispersed 10,860 ± 280 13,150–12,490 SMU-164 Charcoal Dispersed 10,770 ± 140 12,890–12,620 SMU-168 Charcoal Dispersed 10,710 ± 90 12,750–12,625 SMU-340 Charcoal Dispersed 10,700 ± 150 12,825–12,485 SMU-297 Charcoal Dispersed 10,620 ± 300 12,830–12,000 SMU-347 Charcoal Dispersed *Ages calibrated using IntCal20, Calib 8.1 (9).
