Fig. 1 Maps of the study area in the Falkland Islands and coring locations important to this study in the South Atlantic Ocean region. (A) Geographic location of the Falkland Islands with regionally important oceanic currents and frontal zones. Coring site is demarcated by a red square at Surf Bay, East Falkland (SUBA16; this study); a triangle at Isla de los Estados, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina is the site of a wind reconstruction (30) and a solid black circle marks the site of the TN057 core from the eastern South Atlantic (map inset) (36, 37). Location of peat collection site (B) Surf Bay, East Falkland (red square). Map data in (A) from NASA and in (B) from Google and Maxar Technologies, 2019.
Fig. 2 Development of a terrestrial-marine linkage in the Falkland Islands over 14,000 years from a peat record (SUBA16) and other regional proxies. (A to F) Seabird-derived bio-element influx (ratio of bio-element to aluminum, a lithogenic component not influenced by guano; fig. S4). (G) δ15N of bulk sediment from SUBA16. (H) Grass pollen accumulation rate (PAR) from SUBA16 (grains cm−2 year−1); orange bars indicate >10% abundance of shrub (E. rubrum, outlined in black) and fern (Blechnum spp., orange bars) pollen, suggesting drier conditions from SUBA16. (I) Charcoal record (CHAR no. cm−2 year−1) in black; the red dotted line indicates charcoal background levels (low frequency) calculated using a robust 500-year Lowess smoothing window from SUBA16. (J) LDT pollen accumulation rate from SUBA16. (K) February SST (°C) at 50°S South Atlantic Ocean (37). (L) Sea ice presence (SIP; months year−1) at 50°S South Atlantic Ocean (37).
Supplementary Materials
Supplementary material for this article is available at http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/6/43/eabb2788/DC1
Additional Files
Supplementary Materials
Seabird establishment during regional cooling drove a terrestrial ecosystem shift 5000 years ago
Dulcinea V. Groff, Kit M. Hamley, Trevor J. R. Lessard, Kayla E. Greenawalt, Moriaki Yasuhara, Paul Brickle, Jacquelyn L. Gill
This PDF file includes:
- Supplementary Text
- Figs. S1 to S7
- Tables S1 and S2
- References
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