Contents
October 2020
Vol 6, Issue 44
Vol 6, Issue 44
Contents
Research Articles
- Antibacterial infection and immune-evasive coating for orthopedic implants
Antibacterial and immune-evasive coating for orthopedic implants reduce infection and infection-induced immune response.
- The United States’ contribution of plastic waste to land and ocean
Plastic waste from the United States contaminates the environment domestically and in countries processing material for recycling.
- Microscopic scan-free surface profiling over extended axial ranges by point-spread-function engineering
Illuminated points reveal 3D microscopic surface topography.
- Hyperspectral infrared microscopy with visible light
A microscope with correlated photons reveals infrared images via detection of visible light.
- Induced, but not natural, regulatory T cells retain phenotype and function following exposure to inflamed synovial fibroblasts
Induced regulatory T cells are phenotypic and functionally stable when encountering inflamed synovial fibroblast.
- Scalable microresonators for room-temperature detection of electron spin resonance from dilute, sub-nanoliter volume solids
Toroidal metamaterials make tiny, better-ringing bells for microwaves.
- Genome integrity and neurogenesis of postnatal hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells require a unique regulator Filia
Filia regulates genome integrity and neurogenesis of postnatal hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells.
- Learning for single-cell assignment
scLearn is a metric learning-based framework with measurement and threshold learned automatically for single-cell assignment.
- Discovery of a previously unknown biosynthetic capacity of naringenin chalcone synthase by heterologous expression of a tomato gene cluster in yeast
A previously unknown chalcone synthase activity for HCAA synthesis is uncovered via characterization of a tomato gene cluster in yeast.
- Twofold improved tumor-to-brain contrast using a novel T1 relaxation-enhanced steady-state (T1RESS) MRI technique
T1RESS is a novel MRI method that provides twofold improved tumor-to-brain contrast and enables modulation of vascular signal.
- Primary cilia as the nexus of biophysical and hedgehog signaling at the tendon enthesis
Primary cilia at the tendon enthesis serve as mechanosensors and Hh signal transducers.
- Viscoelastic properties of biopolymer hydrogels determined by Brillouin spectroscopy: A probe of tissue micromechanics
Gelatin hydrogels cover a wide range of microenvironments that are relevant for bioapplications of Brillouin elastography.
- Ethylene signaling mediates host invasion by parasitic plants
Forward genetic analysis in a parasitic plant revealed that ethylene signaling is essential for host invasion.
- Neutrophil-mediated carbamylation promotes articular damage in rheumatoid arthritis
Carbamylated histone antibodies potentiate osteoclast formation and associate with bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis.
- Cross-talk between CDK4/6 and SMYD2 regulates gene transcription, tubulin methylation, and ciliogenesis
CDK4 and CDK6 regulate ciliogenesis and Hedgehog signaling via their novel substrate SMYD2.
- Bioinspired metagel with broadband tunable impedance matching
A bioinspired metagel achieves broadband tunable acoustic impedance matching.
- Gastrointestinal-resident, shape-changing microdevices extend drug release in vivo
Hookworm inspired, autonomous latching on the gastrointestinal mucosa extends the in vivo retention of a drug delivery device.
- Partially exposed RuP2 surface in hybrid structure endows its bifunctionality for hydrazine oxidation and hydrogen evolution catalysis
Partially exposed RuP2 on carbon endows outstanding activity to hydrazine oxidation and hydrogen evolution catalysis.
- An Early Cretaceous subduction-modified mantle underneath the ultraslow spreading Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean
Ocean floor lavas from an active spreading ridge keep a geochemical memory of an Early Cretaceous subduction zone.
- Let more big fish sink: Fisheries prevent blue carbon sequestration—half in unprofitable areas
Removing large fish from the ocean limits blue carbon sequestration through the sinking of their carcasses.
- Early oxidation of the martian crust triggered by impacts
Impact-induced oxidation of Mars’ crust by water >4.4 Ga ago likely supplied enough atmospheric H2 to attain a warm climate.
- Septal GABAergic inputs to CA1 govern contextual memory retrieval
Septal GABAergic projections to CA1 interneurons support the recall of a past memory evoked by experience.
- Leukemia-on-a-chip: Dissecting the chemoresistance mechanisms in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia bone marrow niche
Ma et al. dissected the heterogeneous leukemia chemoresistance mechanisms using a leukemia-on-a-chip bone marrow niche model.
- ERK phosphorylates chromosomal axis component HORMA domain protein HTP-1 to regulate oocyte numbers
ERK phosphorylates meiosis component HTP-1 to regulate oocyte numbers.
- Exponential increase of plastic burial in mangrove sediments as a major plastic sink
Exponentially increasing burial rates of microplastics since the 1950s confirm mangrove sediments as long-term sinks.
- Powering rotary molecular motors with low-intensity near-infrared light
An artificial molecular motor is efficiently powered with near-infrared light compatible with in vivo applications.
- Rapidly declining body temperature in a tropical human population
Body temperature in tropical forager-farmers declined as much in the past two decades as among Americans in the past 150 years.
- Layer-engineered large-area exfoliation of graphene
A layer-engineered exfoliation approach allows us to obtain millimeter-size graphene and control the number of layers.
- Magnetic imaging of subseafloor hydrothermal fluid circulation pathways
Magnetic studies of the seafloor have produced the first empirical model of a hydrothermal upflow zone.
- Residential solid fuel emissions contribute significantly to air pollution and associated health impacts in China
Residential contributions are substantially magnified from energy use, emissions, air pollution, to health impacts.
- Harnessing lipid signaling pathways to target specialized pro-angiogenic neutrophil subsets for regenerative immunotherapy
Local delivery of a pro-resolving lipid mediator leads to a shift in the immune microenvironment and improves wound healing.
- The inositol pyrophosphate 5-InsP7 drives sodium-potassium pump degradation by relieving an autoinhibitory domain of PI3K p85α
5-InsP7 is an endogenous negative regulator of Na+/K+-ATPase.
- Fatalities from COVID-19 are reducing Americans’ support for Republicans at every level of federal office
Increases in COVID-19 fatalities reduce support for the President and other members of his party.
- A twisted visual field map in the primate dorsomedial cortex predicted by topographic continuity
Twisted visual maps emerge from a model that balances topographical continuity within and between areas.
- Aerial strategies advance volcanic gas measurements at inaccessible, strongly degassing volcanoes
Aerial measurements using unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) transform our ability to measure and monitor volcanic plumes.
- Algal plankton turn to hunting to survive and recover from end-Cretaceous impact darkness
Algal plankton survived darkness and reconquered the oceans by resorting to hunting after the end-Cretaceous asteroid impact.
- K2P channel C-type gating involves asymmetric selectivity filter order-disorder transitions
The innately heterodimeric K2P filter permits two C-type gating mechanisms, pinching and dilation, to operate in one channel.
- ACSL3–PAI-1 signaling axis mediates tumor-stroma cross-talk promoting pancreatic cancer progression
Pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 strongly enhances chemo- and immunotherapeutic response against PDAC.
- Human and mouse bones physiologically integrate in a humanized mouse model while maintaining species-specific ultrastructure
Progress has been achieved in the art of accurately mimicking human tissues and disease in a mouse.
- Structural basis of trehalose recycling by the ABC transporter LpqY-SugABC
Four cryo-EM structures of LpqY-SugABC complex reveal the mechanism of trehalose transport across the membrane to cytoplasm.
Review
- Homeoprotein transduction in neurodevelopment and physiopathology
The homeobox gene transcription factor family has non-cell-autonomous functions and an unconventional transfer mechanism.
Erratum
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Extended release drug delivery platforms for the gastrointestinal tract (GI) have proven difficult to develop, since digestive movements in the tract tend to eliminate such devices from the body. In order to overcome this challenge, Ghosh et al. developed drug-loaded devices inspired by hookworms—parasitic roundworms that can linger in the small intestine for long periods of time, feeding on the blood of their host. The devices, called theragrippers, dig their claws into the mucosal tissue of the intestinal tract in response to body heat or other biologic cues, then release the drugs into the GI lumen. The researchers demonstrated that the theragrippers were capable of clinging to the GI tracts of live rats for 24 hours and observed a six-fold increase in the elimination half-life of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to relieve moderate pain, indicating that the device helped the drug to remain in the body for a substantially longer period of time. The findings provide evidence that self-latching microdevices can effectively enhance extended drug delivery. [CREDIT: LYDIA GREGG 2020 JHU]
