Contents
November 2020
Vol 6, Issue 47
Vol 6, Issue 47
Contents
Research Articles
- PPM1G restricts innate immune signaling mediated by STING and MAVS and is hijacked by KSHV for immune evasion
A conserved herpesvirus tegument protein recruits host protein phosphatase PPM1G to inactivate STING and MAVS for immune evasion.
- Spatial variation in biodiversity loss across China under multiple environmental stressors
Multiple environmental stressors lead to biodiversity loss.
- Two phenotypically and functionally distinct microglial populations in adult zebrafish
Distinct microglial populations, phagocytotic microglia and regulatory microglia, are identified and characterized in zebrafish.
- High-throughput single-EV liquid biopsy: Rapid, simultaneous, and multiplexed detection of nucleic acids, proteins, and their combinations
A novel system is developed for high-throughput multiplexed biomarker detection in single extracellular vesicles.
- Targeted knockdown of Kv1.3 channels in T lymphocytes corrects the disease manifestations associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
Nanoparticle-targeted down-regulation of Kv1.3 in memory T cells corrects lupus nephritis pathology in vitro and in vivo.
- Needle-compatible miniaturized optoelectronic sensor for pancreatic cancer detection
Needle-compatible miniaturized optoelectronic sensor may help pancreatic cancer diagnosis.
- Biophysical impacts of Earth greening largely controlled by aerodynamic resistance
Earth greening mitigates surface warming by enhancing the efficiency in heat and water transfer.
- In situ stiffness manipulation using elegant curved origami
Curved origami was designed to accomplish in situ stiffness manipulation covering positive, zero, and negative stiffness.
- Focal random selection closes the gender gap in competitiveness
The pool of high-performing women who apply for top jobs can be substantially enlarged by focal random selections.
- BDNF-induced local translation of GluA1 is regulated by HNRNP A2/B1
Noncanonical translation of the glutamate receptor is stimulated by nerve signal–mediated up-regulation of an RNA binding protein.
- Anomalous fracture in two-dimensional rhenium disulfide
Atomic lattice reconstruction and postcrack edge stacking behavior are observed during the fracture of 2D ReS2.
- Bioinspired high-power-density strong contractile hydrogel by programmable elastic recoil
Catapult-like hydrogel actuator delivers high contraction power.
- Overcoming the ceiling effects of experts’ motor expertise through active haptic training
Specialized active haptic training can surmount the limits of motor expertise of experts.
- Walker circulation response to extratropical radiative forcing
Walker circulation response to an extratropical energy perturbation depends on the degree of atmosphere-ocean coupling.
- Social connections with COVID-19–affected areas increase compliance with mobility restrictions
Social connections with countries affected by COVID-19 before the United States increase compliance with mobility restrictions.
- Strong coupling of single quantum dots with low-refractive-index/high-refractive-index materials at room temperature
Strong coupling occurs between single quantum dots and bound states in the continuum at room temperature.
- A 3D culture platform enables development of zinc-binding prodrugs for targeted proliferation of β cells
Interrogating zinc-binding prodrug in a 3D-reconstructed β cell environment.
- Caspase-8–dependent gasdermin D cleavage promotes antimicrobial defense but confers susceptibility to TNF-induced lethality
Caspase-8–dependent GSDMD activation promotes antibacterial defense; however, this pathway can also mediate TNF shock in vivo.
- Photoreduction of inorganic carbon(+IV) by elemental sulfur: Implications for prebiotic synthesis in terrestrial hot springs
Photoreduction of CO2 by UV-excited elemental sulfur could have supported prebiotic synthesis in terrestrial hot springs.
- Ancestry-dependent gene expression correlates with reprogramming to pluripotency and multiple dynamic biological processes
Transcriptomic analysis of racially diverse fibroblasts and iPSCs shows that individual variability affects pluripotent potential.
- Spinal motoneurons of the human newborn are highly synchronized during leg movements
Human neonatal motoneurons show high synchronized discharge timings that modulate the generation of fast movements.
- Abnormal conductivity in low-angle twisted bilayer graphene
Tiny twists in bilayer graphene lead to higher electrical conductivity.
- Ion-molecule interactions enable unexpected phase transitions in organic-inorganic aerosol
Levitation experiments reveal molecular interactions that can alter the expected properties of atmospheric aerosol.
- Engineered mutant α-ENaC subunit mRNA delivered by lipid nanoparticles reduces amiloride currents in cystic fibrosis–based cell and mice models
A nanoparticle delivered ENaC-inhibitory mRNA for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.
- Network-based atrophy modeling in the common epilepsies: A worldwide ENIGMA study
Brain atrophy in human epilepsy syndromes is explainable by network architecture and strongest in hub regions.
- Promoting the activation of T cells with glycopolymer-modified dendritic cells by enhancing cell interactions
Sugar polymer–engineered dendritic cells promote the activation of T cells.
- Confinement-induced stabilization of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability and transition to the unconfined limit
Sufficient confinement can completely suppress the Rayleigh-Taylor instability between two density-inverted miscible fluids.
- n-Alkanes to n-alcohols: Formal primary C─H bond hydroxymethylation via quadruple relay catalysis
A previously unknown hydroxymethylation reaction directly converts abundant n-alkanes to higher value n-alcohols.
- Potency and timing of antiviral therapy as determinants of duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding and intensity of inflammatory response
We developed a mathematical model to predict the outcomes of different possible COVID-19 treatments.
- Dynamic polaronic screening for anomalous exciton spin relaxation in two-dimensional lead halide perovskites
Anomalous exciton spin dynamics in 2D perovskites indicates screened coulombic interaction for exciton polaron.
- Targeting actin-bundling protein L-plastin as an anabolic therapy for bone loss
Targeting L-plastin suppresses bone resorption and promotes bone formation by disrupting preosteoclast fusion.
- Amazon rainforest photosynthesis increases in response to atmospheric dryness
Models show that increasing air dryness reduces photosynthesis in the Amazon rainforest, while observations show the opposite.
- 3D printed gradient index glass optics
Multimaterial 3D printing enables a novel approach to fabrication of glass optics with tailored refractive index gradients.
- Revealing nanoscale mineralization pathways of hydroxyapatite using in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy
In-situ liquid TEM results reveal the co-existence of classical and non-classical nucleation paths during HA biomineralization.
- Recycling of multilayer plastic packaging materials by solvent-targeted recovery and precipitation
A thermodynamically guided approach enables the solvent-based recycling of multilayer plastic packaging films.
- Alpine glacier resilience and Neoglacial fluctuations linked to Holocene snowfall trends in the western United States
Alpine lake sediments provide rare 10,000-year glacier record and highlight influence of winter precipitation.
- Gating by ionic strength and safety check by cyclic-di-AMP in the ABC transporter OpuA
Structural and biochemical studies reveal the dual regulation of the ABC transporter OpuA by ionic strength and cyclic-di-AMP.
- Trappc9 deficiency in mice impairs learning and memory by causing imbalance of dopamine D1 and D2 neurons
Pharmacological modulation of D1 and D2 neurons improves cognition in mice null for intellectual disability causal trappc9.
- Printable, high-performance solid-state electrolyte films
A solution-based printing and sintering technique is developed to fabricate a range of high-performance ceramic thin films.
- Ultrafast electron diffraction from nanophotonic waveforms via dynamical Aharonov-Bohm phases
Electron holography and diffraction can resolve the cycles of light in nanophotonic light-matter interactions.
- CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing using targeted lipid nanoparticles for cancer therapy
CRISPR lipid nanoparticles promote in vivo therapeutic genome editing in two aggressive cancer mouse models.
- Na+-dependent gate dynamics and electrostatic attraction ensure substrate coupling in glutamate transporters
Na+-dependent conformational changes ensure efficient secondary active glutamate uptake.
- Dendritic and parallel processing of visual threats in the retina control defensive responses
The dendrites of a retinal interneuron detect visual threats and initiate defensive responses through parallel pathways.
- Discretely assembled mechanical metamaterials
Mechanical metamaterials are assembled from discrete mass-produced parts resulting in controllable properties at macroscales.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Mechanical metamaterials, which offer properties that naturally occurring materials do not, are typically produced as continuous, monolithic structures through additive manufacturing (3D printing). However, this approach comes with process and machine-related constraints. To overcome these issues, Jenett et al. developed a novel system for building mechanical metamaterials in which separate parts are assembled into one coherent structure with a desired continuum of properties. The behavior of the entire product is determined by local mechanisms within its modular parts, each having their own range of properties such as rigidity, compliance, chirality, and auxetic behavior. This low-cost approach may provide a scalable way to produce materials with unique properties, which the authors conclude may enable advances in technologies for soft robotics, responsive aero and hydrodynamic structures, and user-defined programmable materials. [CREDIT: BENJAMIN JENETT, MIT]
