Contents
December 2020
Vol 6, Issue 49
Vol 6, Issue 49
Contents
Research Articles
- Synthetic high-density lipoproteins loaded with an antiplatelet drug for efficient inhibition of thrombosis in mice
sHDL is a promising antithrombotic agent delivery system due to its antithrombotic effect itself and improved drug delivery.
- BRAF inhibition protects against hearing loss in mice
Dabrafenib, an FDA-approved oral anticancer drug, prevents cisplatin- and noise-induced hearing loss in animal models.
- Evolution and competition between chiral spin textures in nanostripes with D2d symmetry
Chains of antiskyrmions and elliptical skyrmions are stabilized in nanostripes along several crystallographic directions.
- Context-specific control over the neural dynamics of temporal attention by the human cerebellum
Cerebellar degeneration disrupts modulation of EEG signatures of attentional orienting in time.
- Wireless, skin-interfaced sensors for compression therapy
Soft, wireless sensors monitor the temperature and interface pressure of the patient’s skin for compression therapy.
- Groundwater production from geothermal heating on early Mars and implication for early martian habitability
Geothermal basal melting of thick ice sheets may solve the faint young Sun paradox on Mars.
- Designing high-performance hypergolic propellants based on materials genome
Propellant materials genome offers a new approach to the design of high-performance hypergolic propellants.
- Seasonality of diet costs reveals food system performance in East Africa
Synchronized food retail prices raise seasonal peaks in the cost of nutritious diets, revealing new ways to improve food systems.
- Potassium isotopic heterogeneity in subducting oceanic plates
High-precision K isotopic measurements identify crustal inputs to the mantle and controls on oceanic K cycle.
- Metachronal patterns in artificial cilia for low Reynolds number fluid propulsion
The influence of metachronal patterns on ciliary fluid flow has been studied using a soft robotic cilia array and simulations.
- Regulatory encoding of quantitative variation in spatial activity of a Drosophila enhancer
A high density of regulatory information encodes a quantitative spatial pattern in a Drosophila transcriptional enhancer.
- Rapid evolution of coordinated and collective movement in response to artificial selection
The rules of interaction that animals use to coordinate their movements are heritable and can evolve rapidly.
- Mechanics-driven mechanobiological mechanisms of arterial tortuosity
Local microstructural defects and insidious positive feedback lead to tortuous arteries that disrupt blood flow.
- In situ manipulation of van der Waals heterostructures for twistronics
Rotation of 2D materials by polymer patch and gel stamp manipulator opens up a new strategy for twistronics.
- Growth of pancreatic cancers with hemizygous chromosomal 17p loss of MYBBP1A can be preferentially targeted by PARP inhibitors
Growth of pancreatic cancers with hemizygous chromosomal 17p loss of MYBBP1A can be preferentially targeted by PARP inhibitors.
- Crystal aggregates record the pre-eruptive flow field in the volcanic conduit at Kīlauea, Hawaii
Crystal aggregates that erupted at Kilauea volcano were formed in the presence of waves inside the conduit before eruption.
- Cooperative nature of viral replication
Group transmission of viruses accelerates early replication and increases short-term viral fitness.
- Satellite-based estimates of decline and rebound in China’s CO2 emissions during COVID-19 pandemic
Satellite reveals 10-day mean and spatially explicit variations in China’s CO2 emissions during and after COVID-19 lockdown.
- Using migrating cells as probes to illuminate features in live embryonic tissues
Migrating cells can serve as probes for determining tissue properties in live embryos.
- Giant nonreciprocity of surface acoustic waves enabled by the magnetoelastic interaction
Giant nonreciprocity in a SAW-based microwave isolator device is reported offering substantial size and performance advantages.
- Resurrecting the ancient glow of the fireflies
Resurrection of extinct firefly luciferases sheds light on the evolutionary history of ancient glow of the beetles.
- Spatially coherent regional changes in seasonal extreme streamflow events in the United States and Canada since 1950
Extreme river discharge events (both high-flow and low-flow) are increasing in many regions in the United States and Canada.
- Anthropogenic extinctions conceal widespread evolution of flightlessness in birds
Studying anthropogenic bird extinctions shows that flight loss has evolved much more often than inferred from extant birds.
- Structure and assembly of CAV1 8S complexes revealed by single particle electron microscopy
Single particle analysis reveals how the membrane sculpting protein caveolin 1 is packaged within disc-shaped complexes.
- Enoxacin induces oxidative metabolism and mitigates obesity by regulating adipose tissue miRNA expression
Enoxacin mitigates obesity by inducing fat and muscle energy metabolism independently of its antibiotic function.
- Deep imaging in the brainstem reveals functional heterogeneity in V2a neurons controlling locomotion
Calcium imaging of genetically defined neurons in the ventral brainstem during locomotion reveals unexpected functional diversity.
- Enabling near-atomic–scale analysis of frozen water
We propose a protocol for near-atomic–scale analysis of frozen water and embedded nanostructures by cryo–atom probe tomography.
- Differential effects of intervention timing on COVID-19 spread in the United States
Counterfactual simulations underscore the importance of early intervention and aggressive control in combatting COVID-19.
- Disparate compound eyes of Cambrian radiodonts reveal their developmental growth mode and diverse visual ecology
Fossil eyes show that some early marine arthropods had acute vision and were capable of functioning at different light levels.
- Multiple sclerosis iPS-derived oligodendroglia conserve their properties to functionally interact with axons and glia in vivo
MS-derived oligodendrocytes conserve their ability to fully interact with axons and glial cells in vivo.
- Reliable, low-cost, fully integrated hydration sensors for monitoring and diagnosis of inflammatory skin diseases in any environment
Smartphone-compatible, wireless, battery-free hydration sensors can monitor skin diseases in any environment.
- The chaperonin CCT controls T cell receptor–driven 3D configuration of centrioles
Eukaryotic chaperonin-containing TCP1 drives tubulin dynamics and centrosome structure at immune synaptic contacts.
- Breaking medical data sharing boundaries by using synthesized radiographs
Distributed adversarial networks can generate synthesized radiographs, yielding better classification while maintaining privacy.
- Biodegradable, bile salt microparticles for localized fat dissolution
We describe a novel gold-templating method for fabricating stable, biodegradable, bile salt microparticles with controlled geometry.
- YAP-mediated mechanotransduction tunes the macrophage inflammatory response
Macrophages sense biophysical cues in the microenvironment via YAP to tune their inflammatory response.
- Macrophage activation on “phagocytic synapse” arrays: Spacing of nanoclustered ligands directs TLR1/2 signaling with an intrinsic limit
The clustering of TLR1/2 acts as a driver in integrating the spatial cues of ligands into cell-level activation events.
- Landscapes of bacterial and metabolic signatures and their interaction in major depressive disorders
Major depressive disorder is linked with disturbances of gut bacterial, viral, and metabolic signatures.
- Oligodendroglial glycolytic stress triggers inflammasome activation and neuropathology in Alzheimer’s disease
The Drp1-HK1-NLRP3 axis is a key mechanism of oligodendrocyte damage and white matter degeneration in AD.
- Transcriptome and regulatory maps of decidua-derived stromal cells inform gene discovery in preterm birth
Functional annotations of a placental cell genome aid in identifying genes associated with preterm birth.
- Pattern blending enriches the diversity of animal colorations
Comprehensive analyses of fish colorations illuminate a simple mechanism creating intricate patterns on animals.
- Histone H3.3 beyond cancer: Germline mutations in Histone 3 Family 3A and 3B cause a previously unidentified neurodegenerative disorder in 46 patients
Germ line mutations in H3F3A and H3F3B cause a previously unidentified neurodevelopmental syndrome.
- Spontaneous chemical functionalization via coordination of Au single atoms on monolayer MoS2
Single Au atoms on MoS2 monolayers offer an effective way to control optical, electronic, and thermal properties of 2D materials.
- Standalone or combinatorial phenylbutyrate therapy shows excellent antiviral activity and mimics CREB3 silencing
PBA, a urea cycle disorder drug, alleviates ER stress, inhibits HSV infection, and synergizes with existing antivirals.
- A bird’s-eye view of brain activity in socially interacting mice through mobile edge computing (MEC)
Illuminating neural event of interests on the head shows the direct link between brain activity and behaviors in group of mice.
- A novel cardiomyogenic role for Isl1+ neural crest cells in the inflow tract
Cells previously thought to mainly form nerves in the heart turn out to be very important in cardiac muscle formation.
Erratum
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Previous research has established that microRNA (miRNA), a small non-coding RNA molecule that helps to regulate post-transcriptional gene expression, plays a role using oxygen to make energy from carbohydrates and in determining if fat cells will assume a brown or beige identity. But while the roles of miRNAs in various metabolic process have been extensively demonstrated, it has remained unclear whether they could be effectively targeted for pharmaceutical interventions. Andrea Rocha and colleagues tested whether the small molecule enoxacin could trigger widespread miRNA expression changes in mice in order to convert obesity-promoting white fat to brown fat, which stores energy in a smaller space and may help protect against obesity. They found that enoxacin successfully mitigated obesity caused by diet, promoting increased energy expenditure in the mice. The researchers conclude that the fluroquinolone class of antibiotics (which include enoxacin) could be developed into a new type of drug to target energy metabolism in humans. [CREDIT: ANDRÉA L. ROCHA AND DANILO L. FERRUCCI (INFABIC-UNICAMP)]
