Contents
December 2020
Vol 6, Issue 51
Vol 6, Issue 51
Contents
Research Articles
- A coating from nature
Biomass-derived butenolides are presented as green alternatives for acrylates in coatings with tunable properties.
- Spatiotemporal cellular movement and fate decisions during first pharyngeal arch morphogenesis
Cranial neural crest cells undergo directional cellular movement and binary fate restrictions during mandibular morphogenesis.
- The nuclear DICER–circular RNA complex drives the deregulation of the glioblastoma cell microRNAome
A novel circRNA withholds the microRNA assembly line by arresting the manufacturing foreman in the nucleus of a cancer cell.
- Bell correlations between light and vibration at ambient conditions
The strongest form of quantum correlation is measured between light and vibration at ambient conditions.
- Structural basis of client specificity in mitochondrial membrane-protein chaperones
A balance of dynamic hydrophobic and hydrophilic contacts enables client specificity in mitochondrial membrane-protein chaperones.
- Assembly of the asymmetric human γ-tubulin ring complex by RUVBL1-RUVBL2 AAA ATPase
RUVBL1-RUVBL2 regulates assembly of microtubule nucleator γ-tubulin ring complex and allows its recombinant production.
- Intraplate volcanism triggered by bursts in slab flux
Slab flux drives the frequency of volcanic eruptions by stimulating an enriched reservoir in the mantle transition zone.
- A paintable phosphorescent bandage for postoperative tissue oxygen assessment in DIEP flap reconstruction
Clinical trial validates a paint-on phosphorescent pO2 sensing bandage for patients recovering from reconstructive surgery.
- Modeling the breakup of tabular icebergs
New model of giant Antarctic icebergs produces simulations that match satellite observations, with implications for climate.
- Bonobos engage in joint commitment
Bonobos reengage partners after interruptions of social activities, suggesting that they engage in joint commitment.
- External oxidant-compatible phosphorus(III)-directed site-selective C–H carbonylation
Pd-catalyzed C7-selective C–H carbonylation of indoles with CO using BQ, a key external oxidant, is demonstrated.
- Chemical anti-corrosion strategy for stable inverted perovskite solar cells
Chemical anticorrosion of metal electrode with benzotriazole inhibitor enhances the stability of perovskite solar cells.
- Self-assembly–based posttranslational protein oscillators
Mathematical models for two experimentally realizable posttranslational protein oscillators are constructed.
- From code to market: Network of developers and correlated returns of cryptocurrencies
The collaborative nature of code development affects trading of cryptocurrencies, showing that transparency is a network property.
- Competing magnetic phases and fluctuation-driven scalar spin chirality in the kagome metal YMn6Sn6
A previously unknown magnetic fluctuation origin is identified for the topological Hall effect in the kagome YMn6Sn6 system.
- Light-dependent photoreceptor orientation in mouse retina
The pupil-aligned orientation of retinal photoreceptors is dynamically phototropic, but different between outer and inner segment.
- Gene reuse facilitates rapid radiation and independent adaptation to diverse habitats in the Asian honeybee
A gene involved in foraging labor division was reused by the Asian honeybee in population radiation and local adaptation.
- Termini restraining of small membrane proteins enables structure determination at near-atomic resolution
Termini restraining enables structural determination of small membrane proteins, greatly expanding their structural database.
- Long-range dynamic correlations regulate the catalytic activity of the bacterial tyrosine kinase Wzc
A mechanism for nucleotide exchange and activation is proposed for a family of protein tyrosine kinases unique to bacteria.
- Reconfigurable submicrometer spin-wave majority gate with electrical transducers
Time-resolved x-ray microscopy and microwave measurements reveal the operation of submicrometer spin wave majority gates.
- Human myotube formation is determined by MyoD–Myomixer/Myomaker axis
MyoD–Myomixer/Myomaker axis controls human myoblast fusion.
- De novo synthesis and salvage pathway coordinately regulate polyamine homeostasis and determine T cell proliferation and function
Polyamine homeostasis determines T cell function.
- Metasurface enabled quantum edge detection
Remotely switchable edge imaging is demonstrated on the basis of the metasurface illuminated by polarization-entangled photons.
- Femtosecond quantification of void evolution during rapid material failure
Ultrabright x-rays capture the sequence of material damage accumulation during high strain rate catastrophic failure.
- Frequency-domain study of nonthermal gigahertz phonons reveals Fano coupling to charge carriers
Spectroscopy of nonthermal phonons reveals interaction of hypersound with charge carriers.
- The carbon sink of tropical seasonal forests in southeastern Brazil can be under threat
The carbon sink of southeastern Brazil seasonal forests is decreasing over time; in 2013, the carbon sink became a carbon source.
- Universal relations for ultracold reactive molecules
There exist universal relations between the two-body loss in chemical reactions of ultracold molecules and many-body correlations.
- Giant enhancement of exciton diffusivity in two-dimensional semiconductors
The exciton diffusivity of 2D semiconductors can be improved by 15-fold with trapped charges that can screen exciton scattering.
- An ultrahigh-resolution soft x-ray microscope for quantitative analysis of chemically heterogeneous nanomaterials
A novel ultrahigh-resolution x-ray microscope achieves 8-nm spatial resolution and accurately maps chemistry in nanomaterials.
- Weyl fermions, Fermi arcs, and minority-spin carriers in ferromagnetic CoS2
Pyrite CoS2, which was long studied as a potential half-metal, is shown to be a magnetic Weyl semimetal.
- Two-level systems in superconducting quantum devices due to trapped quasiparticles
Spurious two-level systems observed in quantum devices are attributed to long-lived quasiparticles trapped in gap inhomogeneities.
- Reduced tropical cyclone densities and ocean effects due to anthropogenic greenhouse warming
Climate model simulates future weakening of summer Hadley cells and decrease in tropical cyclone densities and ocean impacts.
- Virus detection using nanoparticles and deep neural network–enabled smartphone system
A virus detection method using deep learning–based analysis of smartphone-recorded microchip images without any optical hardware.
- S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase links methionine metabolism to the circadian clock and chromatin remodeling
The S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolyzing enzyme AHCY functionally links the circadian clock to methionine metabolism.
- CRL4DCAF1/VprBP E3 ubiquitin ligase controls ribosome biogenesis, cell proliferation, and development
DCAF1 degrades the ribosome assembly factor PWP1 to control ribosome biogenesis, cell proliferation, and development.
- Lamellar cells in Pacinian and Meissner corpuscles are touch sensors
Tactile corpuscles in vertebrate skin use both neuronal and non-neuronal mechanoreception to detect mechanical signals.
- A unique mechanism of inactivation gating of the Kv channel family member Kv7.1 and its modulation by PIP2 and calmodulin
A unique mechanism of Kv7.1 inactivation is controlled by external Ca2+ and allosterically coupled by PIP2 and calmodulin.
- First experimental evidence for a bis-ethene chromium(I) complex forming from an activated ethene oligomerization catalyst
Isotope labeling and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy reveal a long-postulated bis-ethene chromium(I) motif.
- Rewritable color nanoprints in antimony trisulfide films
Large refractive index changes in Sb2S3 phase-change material promise nonvolatile ultrathin displays.
- Network structure of the mouse brain connectome with voxel resolution
High-resolution mapping of the mouse axonal connectome reveals new foundational wiring principles of the mammalian brain.
- Digenic mutations in ALDH2 and ADH5 impair formaldehyde clearance and cause a multisystem disorder, AMeD syndrome
Malfunctions in the formaldehyde clearance processes induce DNA damage and overload the DNA repair system and cause AMeD syndrome.
- The structure and global distribution of the endoplasmic reticulum network are actively regulated by lysosomes
Lysosomes, important centers of metabolic sensing and material recycling, play a key role in the dynamic reshaping of the ER.
- RIPK3-mediated inflammation is a conserved β cell response to ER stress
Studies in zebrafish identify a conserved axis that mediates metabolic stress–induced pancreatic islet inflammation.
- Gas flow through atomic-scale apertures
Atomically narrow apertures show fast transport of helium.
- An activity-dependent local transport regulation via degradation and synthesis of KIF17 underlying cognitive flexibility
Neuronal activity–dependent dampening and regeneration of dendritic KIF17 transport underlie cognitive flexibility.
- The chromatin remodeler ALC1 underlies resistance to PARP inhibitor treatment
ALC1 mobilizes trapped PARP1, allowing the subsequent recruitment of downstream repair factors to initiate efficient repair.
- Organic monolayers disrupt plastic flow in metals
Adsorbed monomolecular organic films are shown to embrittle ductile metals via an induced surface stress.
- Predicting transcription factor binding in single cells through deep learning
A deep learning–based method to infer transcription factor binding in single cells has been developed by learning from bulk data.
- Ultrafast solid-liquid intercalation enabled by targeted microwave energy delivery
Mechanism of targeted microwave energy transfer drives solid-liquid intercalation to completion in minutes.
- Mitochondria form contact sites with the nucleus to couple prosurvival retrograde response
Physical tethering between mitochondria and nucleus sustains retrograde response.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Large tabular icebergs ("tabletop" icebergs with steeps sides and a broad, flat surface) that calve off of Antarctica's ice shelves contribute nearly half of the freshwater flux from the Antarctic Ice Sheet into the Southern Ocean. However, since their breakups have proven difficult to simulate, these large Antarctic icebergs have not been well represented in models—they are typically either omitted or represented as surviving longer and travelling farther than observations suggest they do in real life. To overcome this modelling challenge, England et al. developed a representation of iceberg fracturing using a breakup scheme based on the "footloose mechanism." They optimized its parameters by forcing the iceberg model with an ocean state estimate and comparing the modeled iceberg trajectories and areas with the Antarctic Iceberg Tracking Database. This breakup scheme dramatically improved large iceberg simulations, and the researchers found that including a representation of their breakup substantially altered the distribution of iceberg meltwater in the Southern Ocean described by models. The findings demonstrate the critical importance of including large icebergs in climate models. [CREDIT: TUI DE ROY/MINDEN]
