Contents
February 2020
Vol 6, Issue 7
Vol 6, Issue 7
Contents
Research Articles
- The limits of human predictions of recidivism
Statistical algorithms can outperform human predictions of recidivism.
- The emergence of small-scale self-affine surface roughness from deformation
When solids are deformed plastically, they develop surface roughness because plastic flow is not laminar at small scales.
- Marked structural rearrangement of mannose 6-phosphate/IGF2 receptor at different pH environments
Two cryo-EM structures of IGF2R at different pH values imply the mechanism for its ligand release in endocytic compartments.
- Locally sequential synaptic reactivation during hippocampal ripples
Adjacent CA1 dendritic spines are sequentially and repeatedly activated during hippocampal sharp-wave ripples.
- Endocannabinoid genetic variation enhances vulnerability to THC reward in adolescent female mice
A genetic variant in the endocannabinoid system enhances vulnerability to THC reward in adolescent females.
- Transient glacial incision in the Patagonian Andes from ~6 Ma to present
Early glaciations in the Patagonian Andes show that fast initial glacial erosion is transient and is not a steady condition.
- Nanocrystals as phenotypic expression of genotypes—An example in coralline red algae
Calcified nanoscale structures in their cell wall express the evolutionary relationships within calcifying red algae.
- A compositionally heterogeneous martian mantle due to late accretion
A few early, large collisions on Mars may be responsible for heterogeneity in tungsten and platinum in martian meteorites.
- Osteogenic preconditioning in perfusion bioreactors improves vascularization and bone formation by human bone marrow aspirates
Preconditioning propels the osteogenic potential of bone marrow aspirate.
- Structured silicon for revealing transient and integrated signal transductions in microbial systems
Optically actuated silicon structures reveal rapid calcium signal propagation in biofilms.
- Pervasive head-to-tail insertions of DNA templates mask desired CRISPR-Cas9–mediated genome editing events
Knock-in genome targeting risks: Comprehensive locus analysis is essential for precision chromosome-editing identification.
- Cryo-EM structures of undocked innexin-6 hemichannels in phospholipids
Cryo-EM structures of the undocked INX-6 hemichannels reveal a pore obstruction and N-terminal rearrangement in lipids.
- Multi-octave, CEP-stable source for high-energy field synthesis
We report on a novel source for generating high-energy, subcycle pulses based on a Yb thin-disk laser.
- Intertropical convergence zone variability in the Neotropics during the Common Era
Neotropics data evince expansion and contraction of the inter-tropical convergence zone due to cooling and warming, respectively.
- Spontaneous self-intercalation of copper atoms into transition metal dichalcogenides
Bulk Cu transforms into Cu atoms that spontaneously self-intercalate into specific 2D layer TMDs under ambient conditions.
- A helical inner scaffold provides a structural basis for centriole cohesion
The centriole has a helical inner scaffold that imparts microtubule triplet cohesion and centriole geometry.
- Specificity and mutagenesis bias of the mycobacterial alternative mismatch repair analyzed by mutation accumulation studies
The activity of the noncanonical mismatch repair was characterized in Mycobacterium smegmatis by mutation accumulation analysis.
- The anatomy, paleobiology, and evolutionary relationships of the largest extinct side-necked turtle
The largest extinct turtle from South America had males with horned shells.
- Recovering signals of ghost archaic introgression in African populations
Multiple West African populations inherited genes from a population that diverged before modern humans and Neanderthals split.
- Universal SMP gripper with massive and selective capabilities for multiscaled, arbitrarily shaped objects
Shape memory polymer blocks are used as universal grippers to manipulate multiscaled, arbitrarily shaped objects.
- Ultrasensitive and ultrathin phototransistors and photonic synapses using perovskite quantum dots grown from graphene lattice
An extremely thin superstructure is developed for applications in phototransistors and neuromorphic computers.
- A mutation-independent CRISPR-Cas9–mediated gene targeting approach to treat a murine model of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
AAV- and CRISPR-Cas9–mediated gene targeting in neonatal mice led to clinical benefits in a mouse model of OTC deficiency.
- Programmable droplet manipulation by a magnetic-actuated robot
We demonstrate a magnetic-actuated robot with adjustable structure to operate fluids for transport, split, release, and rotation.
- Uniform hierarchical MFI nanosheets prepared via anisotropic etching for solution-based sub–100-nm-thick oriented MFI layer fabrication
Uniform high–aspect ratio hierarchical MFI nanosheets were prepared via facile anisotropic etching of coffin-shaped MFI crystals.
- Widely tunable mid-infrared light emission in thin-film black phosphorus
We report widely tunable mid-IR photoluminescence from 3.7 to 7.7 μm by an external electric field in thin-film black phosphorus.
- Strong future increases in Arctic precipitation variability linked to poleward moisture transport
Year-to-year fluctuations in Arctic precipitation will likely increase substantially in the (near) future.
- Low-frequency lattice phonons in halide perovskites explain high defect tolerance toward electron-hole recombination
Low-frequency lattice phonons make halide perovskites defect tolerant.
- Iron isotope evidence for very rapid accretion and differentiation of the proto-Earth
The iron isotope composition of Earth’s mantle requires planetary growth within 5 Ma of solar system formation.
- Proof of the elusive high-temperature incommensurate phase in CuO by spherical neutron polarimetry
After three decades of research on CuO, the AF3 phase is proven by neutrons, which clears up the mystery of symmetry-broken phases.
- Broadly conserved roles of TMEM131 family proteins in intracellular collagen assembly and secretory cargo trafficking
Collagen production and secretion in cells of diverse organisms require a novel family of transmembrane proteins.
- Thermoelectric properties of a semicrystalline polymer doped beyond the insulator-to-metal transition by electrolyte gating
We have clarified a physical guideline for controlling thermoelectric properties of conducting polymers by continuous doping.
- On the glacial-interglacial variability of the Asian monsoon in speleothem δ18O records
Moisture transport pathway effect offsets glacial forcings, likely explaining a lack of G-IG variability in Chinese cave records.
- Generation and characterization of focused helical x-ray beams
Binary zone plates can be engineered to generate helical x-ray beams with large orbital angular momentum.
- Invisible oil beyond the Deepwater Horizon satellite footprint
A portion of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill extended beyond the satellite footprint and contained toxic oil concentrations.
- Vortex phase diagram and the normal state of cuprates with charge and spin orders
Study on striped cuprates reveals a robust phase diagram for superconducting vortices and a novel high-field ground state.
- Eggshell geochemistry reveals ancestral metabolic thermoregulation in Dinosauria
All major groups of Mesozoic dinosaurs exhibited metabolically mediated thermoregulation based on clumped isotopes in eggshells.
- Editing a γ-globin repressor binding site restores fetal hemoglobin synthesis and corrects the sickle cell disease phenotype
Editing the fetal γ-globin promoters in hematopoietic stem cells from sickle cell disease patients induces therapeutic γ-globin levels.
- Evolution of brain lateralization: A shared hominid pattern of endocranial asymmetry is much more variable in humans than in great apes
Our analysis of endocranial imprints of apes and humans sheds new light on human brain asymmetry.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER By growing one material from the lattice of another, scientists are able to create a superstructure that can perform functions that transcend the abilities of a single material. A superstructure that combines the fast charge transport of graphene and the charge generation efficiency of perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) is highly desirable, but currently unavailable. Pradhan et al. prepared a graphite-PQDs superstructure by using a novel growth mechanism to generate PQDs directly from a graphite lattice. The resulting structure's interactions with light and its electrical movement mimic the function of a biological synapse (the junction between two nerve cells). This technological development could enable scientists to create hardware that mimics human brain function, which could be used to improve pattern recognition applications such as those used in AI. It also shows promise for the development of highly efficient optoelectronic materials to improve high-speed communications, sensing, ultra-sensitive cameras, and high-resolution imaging. [CREDIT: JAYAN THOMAS]
