Contents
February 2020
Vol 6, Issue 8
Vol 6, Issue 8
Contents
Research Articles
- Glycosylation of immunoglobulin G is regulated by a large network of genes pleiotropic with inflammatory diseases
Variation in key transcription factors and glycogenes modifies IgG glycosylation and has an influence on inflammatory diseases.
- Sustained IFN-I stimulation impairs MAIT cell responses to bacteria by inducing IL-10 during chronic HIV-1 infection
Sustained IFN-I dampens the antibacterial activity of MAIT cells by inducing IL-10 production during chronic HIV-1 infection.
- Diversification insulates fisher catch and revenue in heavily exploited tropical fisheries
Catch diversification, when fishers target several species of fish, can increase revenue and catch sizes in tropical fisheries.
- Additive manufacturing of cellulose-based materials with continuous, multidirectional stiffness gradients
We combine materials engineering and digital processing to design and print cellulose-based continuous stiffness gradients.
- Real-time frequency-encoded spatiotemporal focusing through scattering media using a programmable 2D ultrafine optical frequency comb
A frequency-encoded spatiotemporal focusing technology enables real-time optical wavefront shaping through thick scattering media.
- The dynamics of stem and crown groups
Modeling patterns of diversification in the fossil record explains many of its major features.
- Singlet-filtered NMR spectroscopy
We introduce an NMR scheme to selectively investigate peptides or proteins and metabolites in the brain via singlet states.
- Egocentric boundary vector tuning of the retrosplenial cortex
Retrosplenial cortex neurons encode the positions of environmental boundaries in coordinates relative to the animal itself.
- Experimental demonstration of acoustic semimetal with topologically charged nodal surface
This work introduces the concept of charged nodal surface, enriching the family of topological charged objects in momentum space.
- Insignificant effect of Arctic amplification on the amplitude of midlatitude atmospheric waves
We find no evidence from observations or climate models that Arctic amplification causes a wavier midlatitude circulation.
- Phenotypic plasticity of carbon fixation stimulates cyanobacterial blooms at elevated CO2
Physiological acclimation to elevated CO2 will intensify cyanobacterial blooms in lakes.
- The hidden costs of dietary restriction: Implications for its evolutionary and mechanistic origins
Dietary restriction leads to unexpected mortality increases when nutrient conditions improve, questioning evolutionary theory.
- Intrinsic disorder controls two functionally distinct dimers of the master transcription factor PU.1
Distinct dimeric forms of PU.1 mutually antagonize to control the transcriptionally active dose via a disordered PEST domain.
- Sensory neuron–derived NaV1.7 contributes to dorsal horn neuron excitability
An unsuspected functional role of primary afferent neuron-generated sodium channel NaV1.7 occurs in dorsal horn neurons.
- LATS kinase–mediated CTCF phosphorylation and selective loss of genomic binding
LATS kinase–activating signals selectively modulate CTCF genomic occupancy and 3D genome organization.
- PHOTACs enable optical control of protein degradation
We present a modular approach to control the small molecule–mediated degradation of cellular proteins of interest using light.
- Light-induced control of protein destruction by opto-PROTAC
Opto-PROTAC adds a light-inducible switch on PROTAC, enabling optical control for targeted degradation of proteins of interest.
- Capillary-driven desalination in a synthetic mangrove
Large negative pressures (<−338 bar) generated by evaporation from nanopores allow for passive desalination of hypersaline water.
- Neanderthal-Denisovan ancestors interbred with a distantly related hominin
The ancestors of Neanderthals and Denisovans interbred with hominins who had been separate since the beginning of the Pleistocene.
- Vascular endothelium–targeted Sirt7 gene therapy rejuvenates blood vessels and extends life span in a Hutchinson-Gilford progeria model
Aged blood vessels accelerate systemic aging; SIRT7 gene therapy rejuvenates blood vessels and promotes longevity in aging model.
- Multiple lipid binding sites determine the affinity of PH domains for phosphoinositide-containing membranes
Molecular simulations reveal that multiple lipid interactions are needed for high-affinity binding of protein domains to membranes.
- Stitching the synapse: Cross-linking mass spectrometry into resolving synaptic protein interactions
Cross-linking mass spectrometry provides a resource for the discovery of novel protein interactions of synaptic protein complexes.
- High rate of extrapair paternity in a human population demonstrates diversity in human reproductive strategies
Himba have an extrapair paternity rate of 48% with both men and women highly accurate at detecting cases of EPP.
- Enhanced CRISPR-Cas9 correction of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in mice by a self-complementary AAV delivery system
Self-complementary AAV-packaged CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing components rescue Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
- Photothermally induced transparency
Photothermal-cavity nonlinearity induces a new transparency effect with demonstrated agreement between model and experiment.
- Evaluating the mineral commodity supply risk of the U.S. manufacturing sector
Supply disruptions of imported mineral commodities pose significant risk to U.S. manufacturers of emerging technologies.
- Transient invaders can induce shifts between alternative stable states of microbial communities
Transient invaders can cause lasting shifts in community composition and function.
- Excitons in 2D perovskites for ultrafast terahertz photonic devices
The quantum well in 2D perovskite provides an additional channel for photoexcited electrons to relax back at ultrafast time scale.
- Surface reservoirs dominate dynamic gas-surface partitioning of many indoor air constituents
Large and labile surface reservoirs control air mixing ratios of many indoor species.
- Engineering light-controllable CAR T cells for cancer immunotherapy
Light-sensitive regulators were engineered to control genetic induction of CAR expression in T cells for cancer immunotherapy.
- Facile diamond synthesis from lower diamondoids
Diamondoids are promising precursors for facile diamond synthesis using laser-induced high-pressure, high-temperature conditions.
- Offshore wind: An opportunity for cost-competitive decarbonization of China’s energy economy
China can use the latest offshore wind technologies to cost-competitively supply a notable portion of its energy demand.
- Discovery of a picomolar potency pharmacological corrector of the mutant CFTR chloride channel
We identified a small molecule that, at picomolar concentrations, rescues mutant CFTR chloride channel from protein degradation.
- IRE1α kinase–mediated unconventional protein secretion rescues misfolded CFTR and pendrin
The IRE1α kinase pathway is a potential drug development target for diseases caused by misfolded CFTR and pendrin.
- Interfering MSN-NONO complex–activated CREB signaling serves as a therapeutic strategy for triple-negative breast cancer
MSN and NONO and their interaction-activated CREB signaling pathway may be new targets for the treatment and prognosis of TNBC.
Review
- Strategies in catalysts and electrolyzer design for electrochemical CO2 reduction toward C2+ products
Recent progress about electrochemical CO2 reduction toward C2+ products is reviewed.
Technical Comments
- Comment on “The intensification of the water footprint of hydraulic fracturing”
Kondash et al. incorrectly claim that water intensity has increased in all regions, and several data errors are apparent.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Indoor air quality is important to human health, yet the ways in which chemicals interact with indoor surfaces are not fully understood, complicating scientists' understanding of how to protect people from indoor pollutants. To explore the behavior of common household chemicals, Wang et al. measured 19 contaminants (including poisonous isocyanic acid and nitrous acid, a source of hydroxyl free radicals) in a 110-square meter single-story test home. The researchers repeatedly flushed the house with outside air, then observed how rapidly the chemicals reappeared in the air once the doors and windows were closed. They also mopped the house with vinegar solution and sprayed ammonia to alter the surface pH, finding that cleaning with acidic or basic solutions may temporarily increase exposure to certain compounds. Wang et al. found that most of these indoor contaminants reside in walls, carpets, and floors, not in the gas phase as expected. Since they quickly evaporate from surfaces even after vigorous ventilation, exposure may not be easily controlled by airing out the house. [CREDIT: GARY S. SETTLES/SCIENCE SOURCE]
