Contents
February 2020
Vol 6, Issue 9
Vol 6, Issue 9
Contents
Research Articles
- Nitric oxide disrupts bacterial cytokinesis by poisoning purine metabolism
An inflammatory mediator interrupts early steps in bacterial cell division by inhibiting nucleoside triphosphate synthesis.
- Scalable Majorana vortex modes in iron-based superconductors
A simulation study with experimental data analysis shows the presence of multiple Majorana modes in iron-based superconductors.
- Surveillance data confirm multiyear predictions of rotavirus dynamics in New York City
A transmission model successfully predicted that rotavirus vaccination would lead to biennial epidemics affecting older children.
- Grid diagrams as tools to investigate knot spaces and topoisomerase-mediated simplification of DNA topology
Grid diagrams grasp the principle of DNA topology simplification by DNA topoisomerases.
- Learning to learn from data: Using deep adversarial learning to construct optimal statistical procedures
Optimal statistical procedures are constructed using deep adversarial learning to optimize play in a two-player game.
- Turbulence generation through an iterative cascade of the elliptical instability
The violent collision of counter-rotating vortices provides new insights on the mechanistic underpinnings of turbulence.
- Local Berry curvature signatures in dichroic angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy from two-dimensional materials
Orbital polarization and Berry curvature signatures are mapped out by circular dichroism in angle-resolved photoemission.
- Toward ultimate nonvolatile resistive memories: The mechanism behind ovonic threshold switching revealed
We reveal the microscopic origin of the ovonic threshold switching mechanism.
- The role of Northeast Pacific meltwater events in deglacial climate change
Deglacial meltwater input to the North Pacific contributed to abrupt Northern Hemisphere climate events.
- Sea level fingerprinting of the Bering Strait flooding history detects the source of the Younger Dryas climate event
Two-phased flooding of Bering Strait is reconciled by melting North American ice saddle during Younger Dryas.
- Tracking extracellular vesicle phenotypic changes enables treatment monitoring in melanoma
An extracellular vesicle phenotype analyzer chip shines a light on patients’ responses to targeted therapy in cancer.
- Nitrogen isotope ratios trace high-pH conditions in a terrestrial Mars analog site
Nitrogen isotopes in sedimentary rocks can act as a novel tracer of high pH and may help constrain past atmospheric Pco2 on Mars.
- Illicit trade in marine fish catch and its effects on ecosystems and people worldwide
Illicit trade in marine fish catch results in losses to society that can be measured in billions of dollars each year.
- Multi-omics characterization of molecular features of gastric cancer correlated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy
We performed the multi-omic characterization of gastric cancer to detect key molecular features for neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
- A chiral switchable photovoltaic ferroelectric 1D perovskite
A switchable photoactive ferroelectric chiral one-dimensional perovskite is predicted and created.
- Hydrogel cross-linking–programmed release of nitric oxide regulates source-dependent angiogenic behaviors of human mesenchymal stem cell
hMSC source-specific behaviors in 3D NO gel represent EC-like differentiation of ADSCs and pericyte-like characteristics of BMSCs.
- The phase stability network of all inorganic materials
Inorganic materials seen through the lens of complex network theory reveal insights into material reactivity.
- Genomic evidence for two phylogenetic species and long-term population bottlenecks in red pandas
Population genomics reveal two species in red pandas, correct their species boundaries, and reconstruct their evolutionary histories.
- Light-induced assembly of living bacteria with honeycomb substrate
Honeycomb substrate enables high-density light-induced assembly for enhancing energy conversion of electricity-producing bacteria.
- Hunter-gatherer multilevel sociality accelerates cumulative cultural evolution
Hunter-gatherers from different bands form fluid social networks that facilitate cultural innovation through recombination of cultural traditions.
- Direct Kerr frequency comb atomic spectroscopy and stabilization
Orthogonal control of both degrees of freedom of a Kerr comb soliton allows high-precision atomic spectroscopy and stabilization.
- Generalized Anderson’s theorem for superconductors derived from topological insulators
Cooper pairs in unconventional superconductors having extra internal degrees of freedom are protected in an unexpected way.
- Superconducting praseodymium superhydrides
We have successfully realized the synthesis and superconductivity of praseodymium superhydrides above megabar pressures.
- The Moon’s farside shallow subsurface structure unveiled by Chang’E-4 Lunar Penetrating Radar
The complex stratigraphic structure of the Moon's farside imaged for the first time using subsurface radar.
- Automated structure discovery in atomic force microscopy
We develop a deep learning method that predicts atomic structure directly from experimental atomic force microscopy images.
- A new approach to both high safety and high performance of lithium-ion batteries
We present a new battery with high safety and performance, overcoming the materials-based conflict of reactivity versus stability.
- Skin-specific antibodies neutralizing mycolactone toxin during the spontaneous healing of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection
We demonstrate the production of skin-specific antibodies with neutralizing activity against mycolactone toxin.
- Critical transitions in Chinese dunes during the past 12,000 years
Like other complex systems, sand dunes alternate between stable states, which have coexisted for 12,000 years in northern China.
- Individual behavior drives ecosystem function and the impacts of harvest
Individual fish behavior has large and unpredictable impacts on ecosystem nutrient dynamics with implications for species harvest.
- An experimental test of the geodesic rule proposition for the noncyclic geometric phase
This paper describes geometric effects in the evolution of atoms through a double-slit type experiment on an atom chip.
- Molecular defect-containing bilayer graphene exhibiting brightened luminescence
Molecular cutout of defect-containing bilayer graphene was achieved by bottom-up synthesis and showed defect-enhanced luminesce.
- Seamless multimaterial 3D liquid-crystalline elastomer actuators for next-generation entirely soft robots
We propose a strategy to make seamless 3D multimaterial entirely soft actuators without the use of tapes or glues.
- Three-dimensional graphene nanoribbons as a framework for molecular assembly and local probe chemistry
3D graphene nanoribbons were synthesized on surfaces for local chemistry conducted with scanning probe microscopy.
- Blood-stage malaria parasites manipulate host innate immune responses through the induction of sFGL2
Malaria parasite uses sFGL2 secreted mainly by Tregs to subvert the host innate immune response for its survival.
- In situ electrochemical conversion of CO2 in molten salts to advanced energy materials with reduced carbon emissions
Cathode-anode synergy in molten salt enables in situ CO2 fixation, low-carbon metallurgy, and conversion of carbon bulk to CNT.
- Persistent coherence of quantum superpositions in an optimally doped cuprate revealed by 2D spectroscopy
Measurement of coherent dynamics in quantum materials reveals correlations across different energy scales.
Review
- The Archean atmosphere
What was the early atmosphere made of? We review what is known during the Archean eon, 4 to 2.5 billion years ago.
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Atomic force microscopy (AFM)—a very high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy that uses a mechanical probe to provide images at a resolution of mere fractions of a nanometer—has become the primary experimental technique for probing the atomic structure of organic molecules on surfaces. However, after the technology's original breakthrough about a decade ago, it has undergone only slight advances. While the number of molecular structures observed using AFM has grown, the field has been mostly limited to molecules that are already known. To move this microscopy technique forward, Alldritt et al. developed a deep learning infrastructure that matches AFM images with a description of their molecular characterization, allowing scientists to directly predict molecular structure. The researchers tested this new infrastructure by resolving several different configurations of 1S-camphor (an organic compound in creams and ointments) on copper. This advance may enable scientists to describe a large variety of atomic and chemical structures using AFM. [CREDIT: ALEXANDER TOKAREV, ELLA MARU STUDIO]
