Contents
January 2021
Vol 7, Issue 1
Vol 7, Issue 1
Contents
Research Articles
- Airflows inside passenger cars and implications for airborne disease transmission
We assess the impact of airflow on airborne coronavirus transmission risk to occupants in passenger cars.
- Association of naturally occurring antibodies to β-amyloid with cognitive decline and cerebral amyloidosis in Alzheimer’s disease
NAbs to different epitopes of Aβ are differentially associated with the severity and progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
- Acoustofluidic centrifuge for nanoparticle enrichment and separation
Acoustofluidic centrifugation enables the spinning of a fluidic droplet and nanoparticle enrichment and separation.
- Abnormal neocortex arealization and Sotos-like syndrome–associated behavior in Setd2 mutant mice
SETD2 controls neocortical area patterning and social behaviors.
- Trisomy 21–induced dysregulation of microglial homeostasis in Alzheimer’s brains is mediated by USP25
Trisomy 21 induces microglial dysregulation in the Alzheimer’s brain through the perturbation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
- Recessive NOS1AP variants impair actin remodeling and cause glomerulopathy in humans and mice
NOS1AP variants impair actin remodeling in podocytes and cause glomerular disease in humans, kidney organoids, and mice.
- Synthetic lethality across normal tissues is strongly associated with cancer risk, onset, and tumor suppressor specificity
Expression pattern of synthetic lethality genes is a previously unknown factor associated with cancer risk across human tissues.
- Full-field fluorescence lifetime dual-comb microscopy using spectral mapping and frequency multiplexing of dual-comb optical beats
Use of dual-comb optical beats enables scan-less FLIM via one-to-one correspondence between 2D image pixels and RF beat signals.
- Ediacaran metazoan reveals lophotrochozoan affinity and deepens root of Cambrian Explosion
First evidence of soft tissue in Namacalathus establishes phylogenetic connection between Ediacaran and Cambrian metazoans.
- Zero–trade-off multiparameter quantum estimation via simultaneously saturating multiple Heisenberg uncertainty relations
Experiments demonstrate very high precisions achieved simultaneously for multiple parameters with noncommuting generators.
- N6-methyldeoxyadenine and histone methylation mediate transgenerational survival advantages induced by hormetic heat stress
Heat stress–induced survival advantages can be transgenerationally transmitted through the epigenetic marks of N6-mA and H3K9me3.
- Liquid-liquid phase separation of light-inducible transcription factors increases transcription activation in mammalian cells and mice
Engineering liquid-liquid phase separation into synthetic and optogenetic transcription factors increases gene expression.
- Multidimensional coherent spectroscopy reveals triplet state coherences in cesium lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals
Multidimensional spectroscopy suggests that perovskite nanocrystals have a dark state interleaved with the triplet states.
- Exploring microstructures in lower mantle mineral assemblages with synchrotron x-rays
Multigrain crystallography at high pressures tracks microstructural evolution of minerals at lower mantle conditions.
- A general approach to composites containing nonmetallic fillers and liquid gallium
Presenting a versatile method to make soft, deformable, functional metallic “putty” from liquid gallium and nonmetallic fillers.
- Heteromultivalent topology-matched nanostructures as potent and broad-spectrum influenza A virus inhibitors
A broad-spectrum heteromultivalent influenza inhibitor is developed by using the host cell membrane on an inverted virus scaffold.
- Low-temperature gas-phase formation of indene in the interstellar medium
Low-temperature indene synthesis could form a molecular building block for non-planar polycyclic aromatics and fullerenes.
- Metabolomic shifts associated with heat stress in coral holobionts
Metabolomic profiling identifies small peptides that may provide early diagnosis of thermal stress and bleaching in coral.
- Nanoscale chromatin imaging and analysis platform bridges 4D chromatin organization with molecular function
nano-ChIA combines multiple nanoimaging modalities to uncover 4D chromatin organization and its relationship to molecular function.
- Soft implantable drug delivery device integrated wirelessly with wearable devices to treat fatal seizures
A soft implantable drug delivery device integrated wirelessly with wearable devices was developed to treat fatal seizures.
- An auxin-regulable oscillatory circuit drives the root clock in Arabidopsis
The root clock oscillator is formed by auxin-responsive factors and auxin, allowing a dynamic response to external stimuli.
- JAK inhibition reduces SARS-CoV-2 liver infectivity and modulates inflammatory responses to reduce morbidity and mortality
The dual anticytokine and antiviral actions of baricitinib reduce SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in organoids and morbidity in people.
- S100A8/S100A9 cytokine acts as a transcriptional coactivator during breast cellular transformation
S100A8/S100A9, a secreted cytokine, also acts in the nucleus as a transcriptional coactivator to promote cellular transformation.
- Test sensitivity is secondary to frequency and turnaround time for COVID-19 screening
Test sensitivity is secondary to frequency and turnaround time for COVID-19 screening.
- Fanconi anemia A protein participates in nucleolar homeostasis maintenance and ribosome biogenesis
FANCA is a multitasking protein with essential functions beyond DNA repair in nucleolar homeostasis and ribosome biogenesis.
- High-strength and fibrous capsule–resistant zwitterionic elastomers
High-strength zwitterionic elastomers via a “swelling” and “locking” mechanism resist capsule formation in mice for up to a year.
- Conformational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike glycoprotein in complex with receptor ACE2 revealed by cryo-EM
Structure of SARS-CoV-2 spike in complex with ACE2 reveals the mechanism of ACE2 induced spike conformational transitions.
- Linking mobile money networks to “e-ROSCAs”: An experimental study
Peer-to-peer banking groups in the DRC show high rates of contribution, suggesting a way to reach the unbanked globally.
- MBD2 serves as a viable target against pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting macrophage M2 program
Liposomes carrying MBD2 siRNA protect mice against BLM-induced lung injury and fibrosis by targeting macrophage M2 program.
- Near-infrared oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor integrates acute myeloid leukemia–targeted imaging and therapy
A near-infrared mitochondrial dye serves as novel oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor for acute myeloid leukemia–targeted imaging.
- Visual number sense in untrained deep neural networks
Visual number sense can arise spontaneously in untrained deep neural networks in the complete absence of learning.
- Cardiolipin content controls mitochondrial coupling and energetic efficiency in muscle
Decreasing mitochondrial energy-production efficiency in skeletal muscle can confer protection against diet-induced obesity.
- Geospatial distributions reflect temperatures of linguistic features
The geographical distributions of features of language contain a footprint of the cultural evolutionary dynamics of language.
- BBB pathophysiology–independent delivery of siRNA in traumatic brain injury
We describe a nanoparticle platform for brain delivery of nucleic acid–based therapeutics to treat TBI.
- Internal state configures olfactory behavior and early sensory processing in Drosophila larvae
The first olfactory processing center in the larval Drosophila brain uses information about feeding state to shape behavior.
- Antimony thin films demonstrate programmable optical nonlinearity
Antimony (Sb) acts as an ultrafast optical and optoelectronic nonlinear material at room temperature.
- Capsid opening enables genome release of iflaviruses
To enable genome release, capsids of iflaviruses crack into pieces or open like flowers.
- Ocean forcing drives glacier retreat in Greenland
Many Greenland glaciers have been attacked by the ocean from below and, in turn, contributed to sea-level rise from the ice sheet.
- Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome prevents ovarian aging
The inhibition of NLRP3 delays ovarian aging and extends fertility during reproductive aging.
- Ultradeep sequencing differentiates patterns of skin clonal mutations associated with sun-exposure status and skin cancer burden
Specific patterns of DNA mutations in normal skin show history of UV exposure and association with cancer risk.
- Damaged lung gas exchange function of discharged COVID-19 patients detected by hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI
Functional imaging of the lungs in COVID-19 patients shows altered gas exchange function.
- Antigen receptor repertoires of one of the smallest known vertebrates
The antigen receptor repertoires of one of the smallest vertebrates are organized in a fractal manner.
- Horizontal genome transfer by cell-to-cell travel of whole organelles
This work elucidates the mechanisms of horizontal genome transfer and uncovers a new pathway of intercellular transport.
- An unprecedented insight into the catalytic mechanism of copper nitrite reductase from atomic-resolution and damage-free structures
Highly accurate SR structures and damage-free XFEL structures provide detailed insight into catalytic mechanism of CuNiR.
Review
- History of the solar nebula from meteorite paleomagnetism
Meteorite measurements suggest that magnetism played a central role in mass transport in the early solar system.
Editorial
About The Cover
ONLINE COVER Theorists have proposed for decades that protoplanetary disks—rotating accumulations of dense gas and dust that surround newly formed stars—contain substantial magnetic fields that contribute to the formation of planets. However, until recently, scientists have lacked evidence for the existence of these key magnetic fields. This began to change in 2014, when studies of ancient traces of magnetism in meteorites, induced at the time of their formation, detected evidence for a nebular field in our own system. These findings hold important implications for understanding the lifetime of the gas and dust cloud and the formation of the Sun, giant planets, and mineral grains in stony meteorites. In a review of these groundbreaking paleomagnetic data, Weiss et al. describe how the findings support the proposal that magnetism was central to mass and angular momentum transport in the protoplanetary disk and chronicle how these insights relate to the fields of paleomagnetism, meteoritics, astronomy, and magnetohydrodynamics. [CREDIT: BENJAMIN WEISS]
