Science Advances

Supplementary Materials

This PDF file includes:

  • Sequence of photos of electrochemical reactions in PEMEC micro-openings
  • Preliminary results for the new catalyst fabrication method
  • fig. S1. Schematic of a PEMEC.
  • fig. S2. Schematic of the transparent, reaction-visible PEMEC and LGDLs with well-tunable and straight holes throughout.
  • fig. S3. Schematic of a developed nanofabrication process for the titanium thin LGDL with well-tunable micro-openings.
  • fig. S4. A sequence images of electrochemical reactions in a triangle micro-opening of the thin, highly tunable titanium LGDL.
  • Legends for movies S1 to S7

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Other Supplementary Material for this manuscript includes the following:

  • movie S1 (.avi format). Phenomena of electrochemical reaction occurring at microchannel scale (operation current density, 2 A/cm2; DI water flow rate, 20 ml/min; channel size, 1 mm height; triangle opening size, 600 μm; duration, 0.058 s).
  • movie S2 (.avi format). Phenomena of electrochemical reaction occurring at micro-opening scale (operation current density, 2 A/cm2; DI water flow rate, 20 ml/min; triangular opening size, 600 μm; duration, 0.058 s).
  • movie S3 (.avi format). Phenomena of electrochemical reaction occurring at micro-opening scale (operation current density, 2 A/cm2; DI water flow rate, 20 ml/min; triangular opening size, 400 μm; duration, 0.069 s).
  • movie S4 (.avi format). Phenomena of electrochemical reaction occurring at micro-opening scale (operation current density, 2 A/cm2; DI water flow rate, 20 ml/min; circular opening size, 500 μm; duration, 0.121 s).
  • movie S5 (.avi format). Phenomena of electrochemical reaction occurring at micro-opening scale (operation current density, 2 A/cm2; DI water flow rate, 20 ml/min; circular opening size, 50 μm; duration, 0.112 s.
  • movie S6 (.avi format). Phenomena of electrochemical reaction occurring in a triangle opening with a thin tungsten wire as conductive wire (operation current density, 2 A/cm2; DI water flow rate, 20 ml/min; triangular opening size, 600 μm).
  • movie S7 (.avi format). Phenomena of electrochemical reaction occurring in a triangle opening with a plastic microfiber as nonconductive wire (operation current density, 2 A/cm2; DI water flow rate, 20 ml/min; triangular opening size, 600 μm).

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