Science Advances

This PDF file includes:

• section SI. Plating bath and solubility of transition metal oxides.
  
• section SII. Mesoporous carbon foam.
  
• section SIII. Flexible carbon scaffold.
  
• section SIV. Quasi-reference electrode.
  
• section SV. Thermodynamic modeling.
  
• section SVI. Crystallography of LiCoO₂.
  
• section SVII. Scanning electron nanobeam diffraction.
  
• section SVIII. Flexible battery.
  
• section SIX. Electrodeposition of spinel LiMn₂O₄.
  
• section SX. Electroplating of Al-doped lithium cobalt oxide.
  
• section SXI. Calculation of energy density of flexible batteries.
  
• fig. S1. Schematic illustration of a flexible CNF.
  
• fig. S2. High-resolution TEM images of the CNF.
  
• fig. S3. High-resolution TEM image and electron diffraction pattern of an electroplated LiCoO₂ crystal flake.
  
• fig. S4. Crystallographic structures of O3-, O2-, and spinel-phase lithium cobalt oxides and two superstructures with lithium staging and 2 × 2 periods.
  
• fig. S5. Illustration of the SEND technique.
  
• fig. S6. Cross-sectional SEM image of ~200-μm-thick LiCoO₂ electroplated on an Al foil.
  
• fig. S7. Charge/discharge voltage profiles of the CNF anode.
  
• fig. S8. Charge/discharge curves of a LiCoO₂/CNF flexible battery.
  
• fig. S9. Optical images of bending tests.
  
• fig. S10. Schematic illustrations of the structure difference between traditional and electroplated flexible batteries.
  
• fig. S11. SEM images of a LiCoO₂/CNF cathode before and after 1000 bending cycles.
  
• fig. S12. Materials and electrochemical characterization of the electroplated LiMn₂O₄/CNF battery.
  
• fig. S13. The Gibbs free energy of the formation from the elements for LiMnO₂.
  
• fig. S14. The Gibbs free energy of LiMnO₂.
  
• fig. S15. The potential-pH₂O diagram of the LiOH-KOH-MnO-H₂O melt system.
  
• fig. S16. Materials and electrochemical characterization of the electroplated Al-doped LiCoO₂.
  
• table S1. Thermodynamic data used for the LiOH-KOH-CoO system at 260°C.
  
• table S2. Thermodynamic data of the LiOH-KOH-MnO system at 25°C.
  
• table S3. Thermodynamic data of the LiOH-KOH-MnO system at 300°C.
  
• References (42–82)

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