Science Advances
Supplementary Materials
This PDF file includes:
- section SI. Plating bath and solubility of transition metal oxides.
- section SII. Mesoporous carbon foam.
- section SIII. Flexible carbon scaffold.
- section SIV. Quasi-reference electrode.
- section SV. Thermodynamic modeling.
- section SVI. Crystallography of LiCoO2.
- section SVII. Scanning electron nanobeam diffraction.
- section SVIII. Flexible battery.
- section SIX. Electrodeposition of spinel LiMn2O4.
- section SX. Electroplating of Al-doped lithium cobalt oxide.
- section SXI. Calculation of energy density of flexible batteries.
- fig. S1. Schematic illustration of a flexible CNF.
- fig. S2. High-resolution TEM images of the CNF.
- fig. S3. High-resolution TEM image and electron diffraction pattern of an electroplated
LiCoO2 crystal flake.
- fig. S4. Crystallographic structures of O3-, O2-, and spinel-phase lithium cobalt
oxides and two superstructures with lithium staging and 2 × 2 periods.
- fig. S5. Illustration of the SEND technique.
- fig. S6. Cross-sectional SEM image of ~200-μm-thick LiCoO2 electroplated on an Al foil.
- fig. S7. Charge/discharge voltage profiles of the CNF anode.
- fig. S8. Charge/discharge curves of a LiCoO2/CNF flexible battery.
- fig. S9. Optical images of bending tests.
- fig. S10. Schematic illustrations of the structure difference between traditional
and electroplated flexible batteries.
- fig. S11. SEM images of a LiCoO2/CNF cathode before and after 1000 bending cycles.
- fig. S12. Materials and electrochemical characterization of the electroplated LiMn2O4/CNF battery.
- fig. S13. The Gibbs free energy of the formation from the elements for LiMnO2.
- fig. S14. The Gibbs free energy of LiMnO2.
- fig. S15. The potential-pH2O diagram of the LiOH-KOH-MnO-H2O melt system.
- fig. S16. Materials and electrochemical characterization of the electroplated Al-doped
LiCoO2.
- table S1. Thermodynamic data used for the LiOH-KOH-CoO system at 260°C.
- table S2. Thermodynamic data of the LiOH-KOH-MnO system at 25°C.
- table S3. Thermodynamic data of the LiOH-KOH-MnO system at 300°C.
- References (42–82)
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