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Supplementary Materials

This PDF file includes:

  • fig. S1. Phase diagram of NaPSS/SiO2/H2O mixtures.
  • fig. S2. Kinetics of composite capsule formation at initial CNaPSS, 1% (w/v).
  • fig. S3. Deformation and area change of capsule obtained from 5% (w/v) NaPSS + 12% (w/v) silica droplet.
  • fig. S4. Kinetics of composite capsule formation at initial CSiO2 , 12% (w/v).
  • fig. S5. Corresponding minor axis Rminor data for Fig. 2C (main text).
  • fig. S6. Evolution of droplet radius and deformation parameter with time during extraction for various NaPSS/silica compositions.
  • fig. S7. SEM showing the morphology of anisotropic composite NaPSS/silica capsule.
  • fig. S8. SEM images showing the morphology and internal microstructure of polymer-nanoparticle capsules as a function of NaPSS and SiO2 content.
  • fig. S9. High-magnification SEM images showing the internal morphology of neat polymer and composite polymer-nanoparticle capsules as a function of NaPSS and SiO2 content.
  • fig. S10. Wide-view SEM images showing neat polymer and composite polymernanoparticle capsules as a function of NaPSS and SiO2 content.
  • fig. S11. EDS analysis of neat and composite NaPSS/silica capsules.
  • fig. S12. Dissolution of 3% (w/v) NaPSS and 3% (w/v) NaPSS + 10% (w/v) SiO2 capsules.
  • fig. S13. Pulsatile release of nanoparticle clusters from selected active sites of a capsule obtained from 1% (w/v) NaPSS + 10% (w/v) SiO2 initial droplet composition.
  • fig. S14. Pulsatile release of nanoparticle clusters from specific sectors of capsules obtained from 1% (w/v) NaPSS + 10% (w/v) SiO2 and 1% (w/v) NaPSS + 15% (w/v) SiO2 initial droplet composition.
  • fig. S15. Analysis of release of nanoparticle clusters from a capsule obtained from 1% (w/v) NaPSS + 10% (w/v) SiO2 initial droplet composition.
  • fig. S16. Analysis of release of nanoparticle clusters from a capsule obtained from 1% (w/v) NaPSS + 15% (w/v) SiO2 initial droplet composition.
  • fig. S17. Formation and SEM images of internal microstructure of composite NaPSS/SWCNT and NaPSS/Au capsules.
  • fig. S18. Release of SWCNT and Au nanoparticles from composite NaPSS/SWCNT and NaPSS/Au capsules.
  • table S1. Viscosity measurements of NaPSS/SiO2/H2O mixtures.
  • note S1. Microfluidic device fabrication.
  • note S2. Phase diagram of NaPSS/SiO2/H2O mixtures.
  • note S3. Estimation of Péclet number.
  • note S4. Additional analysis for data shown in the main text.
  • note S5. Additional SEM images of capsules.
  • note S6. EDS of neat and composite NaPSS/silica capsules.
  • note S7. Analysis of dissolution of neat and composite NaPSS/silica capsules immersed in deionized water (pH 5 to 6).
  • note S8. Spatiotemporal analysis of pulse release of nanoparticle clusters from bicontinuous capsules immersed in deionized water (pH 5 to 6).
  • note S9. Impact of payload type on composite capsule morphology and release profile.

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Other Supplementary Material for this manuscript includes the following:

  • movie S1 (.mp4 format). Video depicting the mechanism and kinetics of solvent extraction of 1% (w/v) NaPSS + 10% (w/v) SiO2 aqueous droplet of 250 μm radius in neat ethyl acetate over a period of 360 s (video 10 times faster).
  • movie S2 (.avi format). Video showing the immersion of bicontinuous capsule above in deionized water (pH 5 to 6), depicting the pulsed release of nanoparticle clusters, over a time scale of 10,000 s (video 300 times faster).
  • movie S3 (.avi format). As above, following immersion in deionized water with pH 9.35 over a time scale of 7000 s (video 200 times faster; air bubbles result from the immersion of the dried capsule in water and are not a result of dissolution).
  • movie S4 (.mp4 format). Video depicting the mechanism and kinetics of solvent extraction of 1% (w/v) NaPSS + 0.3% (w/v) SWCNT aqueous droplet of ≃250 μm radius in neat ethyl acetate over a period of 250 s (video 25 times faster).
  • movie S5 (.mp4 format). Video depicting the mechanism and kinetics of solvent extraction of 1% (w/v) NaPSS + 0.025% (w/v) Au nanoparticle aqueous droplet of ≃250 μm radius in neat ethyl acetate over a period of 250 s (video 10 times faster).

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