Science Advances

This PDF file includes:

• section S1. Satellite data
  
• section S2. Compensation between salinity and temperature for fronts of varying strength
  
• section S3. Density compensation at a salinity front illustrated in a onedimensional framework
  
• section S4. Model sensitivity tests
  
• section S5. Vertical density compensation: Weakening the density stratification by cooling
  
• table S1. Parameter configuration space of sensitivity tests.
  
• fig. S1. Similar to Fig. 2 but for winter 2015.
  
• fig. S2. Scatterplots of density variability at a wavelength of 0.6 km due to salinity and temperature gradients along the longest straight section from the cruise (leg 2, section A).
  
• fig. S3. Illustration of active compensation and creation of spice variance with a series of one-dimensional column models.
  
• fig. S4. Simulations assessing the model’s sensitivity to the value of horizontal diffusivity, set at 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 m²/s.
  
• fig. S5. Tests assessing the sensitivity of the simulation to the horizontal grid resolution, set at 0.25 and 0.5 km, for the same domain (48 × 96 km) and the same value of horizontal diffusivity (1.0 m²/s).
  
• fig. S6. Tests assessing model evolution with no surface cooling, as well as with surface cooling during model spin-up.
  
• fig. S7. Schematic showing variants of simple salinity fronts and stratification .

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