Science Advances

This PDF file includes:

• Supplementary Text
• Fig. S1. PM-RAIRS spectra of graphite surface and Au surface.
• Fig. S2. Front and side views of the MD simulation box.
• Fig. S3. Lateral force of an AFM tip sliding across the graphene step edge.
• Fig. S4. MD simulations of a tip sliding across a graphene step edge.
• Fig. S5. Out-of-plane vibration of the carbon atoms on the upper and lower terraces.
• Fig. S6. Out-of-plane deformation of C─OH groups terminating the graphene step edge.
• Fig. S7. Force analysis diagram of the AFM tip at a graphene step edge.
• Fig. S8. Lateral force of the AFM tip at multilayer graphene step edges.
• Fig. S9. Water contact angle measurement on Si wafers.
• Fig. S10. Applied normal force error in AFM experiments.
• References (44–47)

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