RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Extensive marine-terminating ice sheets in Europe from 2.5 million years ago JF Science Advances JO Sci Adv FD American Association for the Advancement of Science SP eaar8327 DO 10.1126/sciadv.aar8327 VO 4 IS 6 A1 Rea, Brice R. A1 Newton, Andrew M. W. A1 Lamb, Rachel M. A1 Harding, Rachel A1 Bigg, Grant R. A1 Rose, Phil A1 Spagnolo, Matteo A1 Huuse, Mads A1 Cater, John M. L. A1 Archer, Stuart A1 Buckley, Francis A1 Halliyeva, Maral A1 Huuse, Jane A1 Cornwell, David G. A1 Brocklehurst, Simon H. A1 Howell, John A. YR 2018 UL http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/6/eaar8327.abstract AB Geometries of Early Pleistocene [2.58 to 0.78 million years (Ma) ago] ice sheets in northwest Europe are poorly constrained but are required to improve our understanding of past ocean-atmosphere-cryosphere coupling. Ice sheets are believed to have changed in their response to orbital forcing, becoming, from about 1.2 Ma ago, volumetrically larger and longer-lived. We present a multiproxy data set for the North Sea, extending to over a kilometer below the present-day seafloor, which demonstrates spatially extensive glaciation of the basin from the earliest Pleistocene. Ice sheets repeatedly entered the North Sea, south of 60°N, in water depths of up to ~250 m from 2.53 Ma ago and subsequently grounded in the center of the basin, in deeper water, from 1.87 Ma ago. Despite lower global ice volumes, these ice sheets were near comparable in spatial extent to those of the Middle and Late Pleistocene but possibly thinner and moving over slippery (low basal resistance) beds.