RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 A model of guided cell self-organization for rapid and spontaneous formation of functional vessels JF Science Advances JO Sci Adv FD American Association for the Advancement of Science SP eaau6562 DO 10.1126/sciadv.aau6562 VO 5 IS 6 A1 Andrique, L. A1 Recher, G. A1 Alessandri, K. A1 Pujol, N. A1 Feyeux, M. A1 Bon, P. A1 Cognet, L. A1 Nassoy, P. A1 Bikfalvi, A. YR 2019 UL http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/6/eaau6562.abstract AB Most achievements to engineer blood vessels are based on multiple-step manipulations such as manual sheet rolling or sequential cell seeding followed by scaffold degradation. Here, we propose a one-step strategy using a microfluidic coextrusion device to produce mature functional blood vessels. A hollow alginate hydrogel tube is internally coated with extracellular matrix to direct the self-assembly of a mixture of endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The resulting vascular structure has the correct configuration of lumen, an inner lining of ECs, and outer sheath of SMCs. These “vesseloids” reach homeostasis within a day and exhibit the following properties expected for functional vessels (i) quiescence, (ii) perfusability, and (iii) contractility in response to vasoconstrictor agents. Together, these findings provide an original and simple strategy to generate functional artificial vessels and pave the way for further developments in vascular graft and tissue engineering and for deciphering the angiogenesis process.