RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Real-time frequency-encoded spatiotemporal focusing through scattering media using a programmable 2D ultrafine optical frequency comb JF Science Advances JO Sci Adv FD American Association for the Advancement of Science SP eaay1192 DO 10.1126/sciadv.aay1192 VO 6 IS 8 A1 Wei, Xiaoming A1 Shen, Yuecheng A1 Jing, Joseph C. A1 Hemphill, Ashton S. A1 Yang, Changsheng A1 Xu, Shanhui A1 Yang, Zhongmin A1 Wang, Lihong V. YR 2020 UL http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/8/eaay1192.abstract AB Optical wavefront shaping is a powerful tool for controlling photons in strongly scattering media. Its speed, however, has been the bottleneck for in vivo applications. Moreover, unlike spatial focusing, temporal focusing from a continuous-wave source has rarely been exploited yet is highly desired for nonlinear photonics. Here, we present a novel real-time frequency-encoded spatiotemporal (FEST) focusing technology. FEST focusing uses a novel programmable two-dimensional optical frequency comb with an ultrafine linewidth to perform single-shot wavefront measurements, with a fast single-pixel detector. This technique enables simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing at microsecond scales through thick dynamic scattering media. This technology also enabled us to discover the large-scale temporal shift, a new phenomenon that, with the conventional spatial memory effect, establishes a space-time duality. FEST focusing opens a new avenue for high-speed wavefront shaping in the field of photonics.