PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Brenner, Sibylle AU - Berger, Florian AU - Rao, Lu AU - Nicholas, Matthew P. AU - Gennerich, Arne TI - Force production of human cytoplasmic dynein is limited by its processivity AID - 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4295 DP - 2020 Apr 01 TA - Science Advances PG - eaaz4295 VI - 6 IP - 15 4099 - http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/15/eaaz4295.short 4100 - http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/15/eaaz4295.full SO - Sci Adv2020 Apr 01; 6 AB - Cytoplasmic dynein is a highly complex motor protein that generates forces toward the minus end of microtubules. Using optical tweezers, we demonstrate that the low processivity (ability to take multiple steps before dissociating) of human dynein limits its force generation due to premature microtubule dissociation. Using a high trap stiffness whereby the motor achieves greater force per step, we reveal that the motor’s true maximal force (“stall force”) is ~2 pN. Furthermore, an average force versus trap stiffness plot yields a hyperbolic curve that plateaus at the stall force. We derive an analytical equation that accurately describes this curve, predicting both stall force and zero-load processivity. This theoretical model describes the behavior of a kinesin motor under low-processivity conditions. Our work clarifies the true stall force and processivity of human dynein and provides a new paradigm for understanding and analyzing molecular motor force generation for weakly processive motors.