RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 4D physiologically adaptable cardiac patch: A 4-month in vivo study for the treatment of myocardial infarction JF Science Advances JO Sci Adv FD American Association for the Advancement of Science SP eabb5067 DO 10.1126/sciadv.abb5067 VO 6 IS 26 A1 Cui, Haitao A1 Liu, Chengyu A1 Esworthy, Timothy A1 Huang, Yimin A1 Yu, Zu-xi A1 Zhou, Xuan A1 San, Hong A1 Lee, Se-jun A1 Hann, Sung Yun A1 Boehm, Manfred A1 Mohiuddin, Muhammad A1 Fisher, John P. A1 Zhang, Lijie Grace YR 2020 UL http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/26/eabb5067.abstract AB There has been considerable progress in engineering cardiac scaffolds for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). However, it is still challenging to replicate the structural specificity and variability of cardiac tissues using traditional bioengineering approaches. In this study, a four-dimensional (4D) cardiac patch with physiological adaptability has been printed by beam-scanning stereolithography. By combining a unique 4D self-morphing capacity with expandable microstructure, the specific design has been shown to improve both the biomechanical properties of the patches themselves and the dynamic integration of the patch with the beating heart. Our results demonstrate improved vascularization and cardiomyocyte maturation in vitro under physiologically relevant mechanical stimulation, as well as increased cell engraftment and vascular supply in a murine chronic MI model. This work not only potentially provides an effective treatment method for MI but also contributes a cutting-edge methodology to enhance the structural design of complex tissues for organ regeneration.