Names are approved by the International Astronomical Union, except where denoted by (a), indicating a name assigned here on the basis of a nearby feature, or (b), a proposed name (5, 29). TOPO and CTA (circular thin area) names are from Frey (28). The diameter of the main or outer ring is from Head et al. (6) and Baker et al. (7) except where a mappable rim is absent, for example, Crüger-Sirsalis; otherwise, coordinates and inner diameter are estimated from Bouguer anomaly contours, whereas the main rim crest diameter is estimated from azimuthally averaged topographic relief or (c) inferred from the diameter of the central Bouguer anomaly by 2:1 scaling. Multiring basin confidence and ring diameter criteria are described in the Supplementary Text. Ring confidence is denoted by the following: { }, suggested by scaling; [ ], possible; ( ), probable; all others, certain. MR, multiring basin; PC, ringed peak-cluster basin (7); PR, peak-ring basin; ghost ring is a wrinkle-ridge arc indicating a possible buried ring.
Name | Center | Ring diameters (km) | Bouguer anomaly | ||||
Latitude (°N) | Longitude (°E) | Main | Inner | Notes and additional ring diameters (km) | Diameter (km) | Contrast (mGal) | |
Szilard Northa | 34.3 | 105.6 | (200) | 146 | 182 ± 20 | ||
Bel’kovich | 61.5 | 90.2 | 205 | 104 | 37 ± 14 | ||
Wegener-Winlockb | 40.2 | 251.6 | (205) | PR* | 132 | 37 ± 6 | |
Humboldt | −27.15 | 81 | 206 | PC | 156 | 52 ± 14 | |
Oppenheimer | −35.4 | 194.0 | 206 | PR* | 122 | 57 ± 8 | |
Schickard | −44.5 | 305.0 | 206 | PR* | 92 | 57 ± 9 | |
Schwarzschild | 70.3 | 121 | 207 | 71 | PR | 90 | 40 ± 9 |
Galois | −14 | 207.7 | 210 | Minimal contrast | 2 ± 14 | ||
Rupes Rectaa | −22.5 | 353.0 | (212) | Partially flooded | 25 ± 12† | ||
Keeler West | −10.1 | 156.8 | (218) | Minimal contrast | 5 ± 20† | ||
Clavius | −58.8 | 345.3 | 220 | Minimal contrast | 6 ± 9 | ||
Deslandres | −32.6 | 354.7 | 220 | PR* | 112 | 142 ± 19 | |
TOPO-13b | −37.25 | 147.4 | [220] | 90 | 103 ± 12 | ||
Poczobutt | 57.7 | 260.4 | 225 | PR* | 128 | 76 ± 12 | |
Pasteur | −11.5 | 104.8 | 231 | PR* | 130 | 42 ± 9 | |
d’Alembert | 51.05 | 164.8 | 232 | 106 | PR | 126 | 46 ± 6 |
Landau | 42.2 | 240.8 | 236 | PR* | 112 | 64 ± 9 | |
Campbell | 45.5 | 153.0 | 237 | PR* | 98 | 39 ± 9 | |
Fermi | −19.8 | 123.4 | 241 | PR* | 104 | 78 ± 5 | |
Leibnitz | −38.2 | 179.2 | 247 | PR* | 84 | 66 ± 18 | |
Iriduma | 44.8 | 328.4 | 252 | Sinus Iridum, PR* | 38 ± 10† | ||
von Kármán M | −47.1 | 176.2 | 255 | [114] | PR* | 128 | 149 ± 18 |
Gagarin | −19.7 | 149.4 | 256 | PR* | 106 | 43 ± 13 | |
Copernicus-Ha | 7.2 | 341.8 | {260}c | [130]c | 152 | 162 ± 5 | |
Milne | −31.25 | 112.8 | 264 | 114 | PR | 126 | 195 ± 22 |
Balmer-Kapteynb | −15.8 | 69.6 | 265 | [130] | PR* | 138 | 192 ± 22 |
Sikorsky-Rittenhausb | −68.4 | 109.5 | 270 | [110] | PR* | 106 | 66 ± 8 |
Orientale Southwesta | −28.0 | 251.0 | 276 | PR* | 162 | 173 ± 28 | |
Harkhebi | 40.0 | 98.6 | 280 | PR* | 136 | 108 ± 30 | |
Bartels-Voskresenskiya | 27.7 | 268.2 | [290] | [160] | PR* | 152 | 197 ± 22 |
Bailly | −67.1 | 291.1 | 299 | 130 | PR | 112 | 94 ± 16 |
Poincare | −57.3 | 163.1 | 312 | 175 | PR | 188 | 185 ± 11 |
Planck | −57.4 | 135.1 | 321 | 160 | PR | 128 | 167 ± 52 |
Mediia | 0.8 | 0.5 | [326] | Sinus Medii; CTA-01 | 174 | 160 ± 8 | |
Schrödinger | −74.9 | 133.5 | 326 | 150 | PR | 154 | 240 ± 19 |
Aestuuma | 11.3 | 351.1 | [330] | [165] | Sinus Aestuum; CTA-25; PR* | 196 | 268 ± 10 |
Mendeleev | 5.5 | 141.1 | 331 | 144 | PR | 156 | 159 ± 33 |
Birkhoff | 58.9 | 213.4 | 334 | 163 | PR | 130 | 90 ± 16 |
Ingenii | −32.8 | 163.8 | 342 | PR* | 154 | 181 ± 22 | |
Lorentz | 34.2 | 263.0 | 351 | 173 | PR | 156 | 240 ± 38 |
Schiller-Zucchius | −55.7 | 314.8 | 361 | 179 | PR | 210 | 331 ± 15 |
Lamont | 4.8 | 23.4 | [370]c | [120] | Ghost ring | 206 | 213 ± 23 |
Crisium Easta | 16.5 | 66 | [372] | [186] | Possible oblique impact; TOPO-05 | 206 | 339 ± 45† |
Fowler-Charlierb | 39.5 | 218.0 | [374] | PR* | 210 | 156 ± 18 | |
Amundsen-Ganswindtb | −81.0 | 123.0 | 378 | PR* | 170 | 272 ± 46 | |
Vaporumb | 14.2 | 3.1 | [410] | 220 | Mare; CTA-02 | 222 | 120 ± 24 |
Korolev | −4.4 | 202.2 | 417 | 206 | PR | 202 | 173 ± 15 |
Serenitatis Northa | 35.7 | 16.8 | [420]c | [210] | 230 | 161 ± 26 | |
Moscoviense | 26.1 | 147 | 421‡ | 192 | PR | 632 ± 27† | |
Crüger-Sirsalisb | −16.0 | 293.0 | [430]c | 212 | PR* | 268 | 331 ± 19 |
Mutus-Vlacq | −53.5 | 24.0 | [450]c | {225} | 224 | 107 ± 13 | |
Dirichlet-Jacksonb | 13.4 | 201.8 | (452) | [228] | PR*; TOPO-24 | 220 | 182 ± 22 |
Grimaldi | −5.0 | 291.3 | 460 | 234 | PR | 220 | 431 ± 15 |
Apollo | −36.1 | 208.3 | 492 | 247 | PR | 264 | 329 ± 10 |
TOPO-22a | 49.4 | 179 | {500} | [250]c | Depression near Debye | 272 | 274 ± 21 |
Hertzsprung | 2.0 | 231 | 571 | 256 | MR intermediate (408), inner depression (108) | 254 ± 38 | 404 ± 37 |
Freundlich-Sharonovb | 18.35 | 175.2 | 582 | 318 | PR | 318 | 528 ± 18 |
Fitzgerald-Jacksonb | 25.1 | 190.6 | {600} | (346) | 334 | 224 ± 48 | |
Humboldtianum | 57.26 | 82 | 618 | 322 | Possible MR intermediate [463], [197] | 312 ± 27 | 482 ± 12 |
Moscoviense Northa | 27.3 | 148.8 | 640‡ | [340] | PR*; double impact (65) | ||
Mendel-Rydbergb | −49.8 | 265.4 | 650 | ( 325) | MR 485, 203 | 328 ± 26 | 572 ± 18 |
Coulomb-Sartonb | 51.2 | 237.5 | [672] | 315 | Possible MR (401), 158 | 330 ± 18 | 391 ± 20 |
Fecunditatis | −4.6 | 52.0 | [690] | {345} | Mare basin | 358 | 205 ± 46 |
Nubium | −21.3 | 343.4 | [690] | Mare basin, estimates vary | 416 | 81 ± 41 | |
Asperitatisa | −7.7 | 26.8 | {730}c | (345)c | Sinus name | 342 | 260 ± 26 |
Humorum | −23.8 | 320.8 | 816 | 441 | Probable MR (569), (322) | 360 ± 21 | 450 ± 11 |
Smythii | −2.5 | 86.9 | 878 | 484 | Probable MR (375) | 438 ± 62 | 494 ± 24 |
Australe Northa | −35.5 | 96 | {880} | Mare basin | 538 | 101 ± 22 | |
Nectaris | −15.6 | 35.1 | 885 | 440 | Certain MR 623, (270) | 440 ± 61 | 514 ± 12 |
Serenitatis | 25.4 | 18.8 | [923] | [416] | Possible MR 660 | 556 ± 64 | 450 ± 8 |
Orientale | −20.1 | 265.2 | 937 | 481 | Certain MR 639, 341 | 436 ± 20 | 720 ± 28 |
Crisium | 16.8 | 58.4 | 1076 | 505 | Probable MR 809, (364) | 498 ± 31 | 598 ± 10 |
Imbrium | 37 | 341.5 | 1321 | 676 | Probable MR (1012) | 684 ± 45 | 375 ± 37 |
South Pole–Aitkenb | −53.0 | 191.0 | 2400 | 2028 | Elliptical shape, 19°W long axis | 395 |
*The topographic rim is in the diameter range of peak-ring basins but no inner ring has been preserved.
†Contrast estimate from nonoverlapped portion. The estimated Bouguer anomaly contrast for South Pole–Aitken is taken from a gravity field band-passed from spherical harmonic degrees 1 to 540.
‡The characteristics of a pre-Moscoviense impact, designated Moscoviense North, are further described in the Supplementary Materials.