Table 4 Between-group contrasts and effect sizes for training effects in self-reported and HPA axis stress reactivity.

Between-group Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated using t values and degrees of freedom. Aff, Affect; NT, no training; Per, Perspective; Prs, Presence.

STAI
	NT		Prs		Aff		Prs/Aff		Prs/Per
	t (df)	d	t	d	t	d	t	d	t	d
NT			−2.92** (477)	0.27	−4.12*** (478)	0.38	−4.42*** (476)	0.41	−3.65*** (476)	0.33
Prs	2.92** (477)	0.27			−0.97 (477)	0.09	−1.24 (476)	0.11	−0.54 (476)	0.05
Aff	4.12*** (478)	0.38	0.97 (477)	0.09			−0.28 (477)	0.03	0.44 (477)	0.04
Prs/Aff	4.42*** (476)	0.41	1.24 (476)	0.11	0.28 (477)	0.03			0.72 (476)	0.07
Prs/Per	3.65*** (476)	0.33	0.54 (476)	0.05	−0.44 (477)	0.04	−0.72 (476)	0.07
Cortisol
	NT		Prs		Aff		Prs/Aff		Prs/Per
	t (df)	d	t	d	t	d	t	d	t	d
NT			0.63 (304)	0.07	−2.06* (304)	0.24	−2.99** (304)	0.34	−3.22*** (304)	0.37
Prs	−0.63 (304)	0.08			−2.21* (304)	0.25	−2.97** (304)	0.34	−3.17** (304)	0.36
Aff	2.06* (304)	0.24	2.21* (304)	0.25			−0.79 (304)	0.09	−0.96 (304)	0.11
Prs/Aff	2.99** (304)	0.34	2.97** (304)	0.34	0.79 (304)	0.09			−0.17 (304)	0.02
Prs/Per	3.22*** (304)	0.37	3.17** (304)	0.36	0.69 (304)	0.11	0.17 (304)	0.02

*P ≤ 0.05.

**P ≤ 0.01.

***P ≤ 0.001.