Table 1 Comparison of the membrane characteristics for both porous and patterned graphenes.

The pore size, pore number density, and areal porosity of porous and patterned graphene membranes, all with standard deviation (SD), are shown. The pore statistics were obtained from the SEM graphs (section S5).

PG type	Porous	Patterned
Number of layers	1	2
Process parameter	Noncatalytic domain size	Dry etching time
Pore size	19.4 (±7.7)–54.1 (±20.3) nm*	18 (±7)–30.5 (±18.3) nm^†
Areal porosity	5.5–13.9%^‡	4.4–18%^§
Pore number density	0.5–1.5 × 10¹⁰ cm⁻² (~10–20% deviation)^\|\|	1.25–2.1 × 10¹⁰ cm⁻² (~20% deviation)^\|\|

*Figure 2C, blue stars.

^†Figure 2C, red circles.

^‡Figure 2D, blue stars.

^§Figure 2D, red circles.

^||Section S7.